Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2
Details
- Name
- Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2
- Synonyms
- 1.14.99.1
- COX-2
- COX2
- Cyclooxygenase-2
- PGH synthase 2
- PGHS-2
- PHS II
- Prostaglandin H2 synthase 2
- Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2
- Gene Name
- PTGS2
- Organism
- Humans
- Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0021832|Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 MLARALLLCAVLALSHTANPCCSHPCQNRGVCMSVGFDQYKCDCTRTGFYGENCSTPEFL TRIKLFLKPTPNTVHYILTHFKGFWNVVNNIPFLRNAIMSYVLTSRSHLIDSPPTYNADY GYKSWEAFSNLSYYTRALPPVPDDCPTPLGVKGKKQLPDSNEIVEKLLLRRKFIPDPQGS NMMFAFFAQHFTHQFFKTDHKRGPAFTNGLGHGVDLNHIYGETLARQRKLRLFKDGKMKY QIIDGEMYPPTVKDTQAEMIYPPQVPEHLRFAVGQEVFGLVPGLMMYATIWLREHNRVCD VLKQEHPEWGDEQLFQTSRLILIGETIKIVIEDYVQHLSGYHFKLKFDPELLFNKQFQYQ NRIAAEFNTLYHWHPLLPDTFQIHDQKYNYQQFIYNNSILLEHGITQFVESFTRQIAGRV AGGRNVPPAVQKVSQASIDQSRQMKYQSFNEYRKRFMLKPYESFEELTGEKEMSAELEAL YGDIDAVELYPALLVEKPRPDAIFGETMVEVGAPFSLKGLMGNVICSPAYWKPSTFGGEV GFQIINTASIQSLICNNVKGCPFTSFSVPDPELIKTVTINASSSRSGLDDINPTVLLKER STEL
- Number of residues
- 604
- Molecular Weight
- 68995.625
- Theoretical pI
- 7.41
- GO Classification
- Functionsarachidonate 15-lipoxygenase activity / enzyme binding / heme binding / lipid binding / metal ion binding / peroxidase activity / prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activityProcessesangiogenesis / arachidonic acid metabolic process / bone mineralization / brown fat cell differentiation / cellular response to ATP / cellular response to fluid shear stress / cellular response to hypoxia / cellular response to mechanical stimulus / cellular response to UV / cyclooxygenase pathway / decidualization / embryo implantation / hair cycle / inflammatory response / learning / lipoxygenase pathway / maintenance of blood-brain barrier / memory / movement of cell or subcellular component / NAD metabolic process / negative regulation of calcium ion transport / negative regulation of cell cycle / negative regulation of cell proliferation / negative regulation of smooth muscle contraction / negative regulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic / nicotinamide metabolic process / ovulation / positive regulation of apoptotic process / positive regulation of brown fat cell differentiation / positive regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis / positive regulation of fever generation / positive regulation of fibroblast growth factor production / positive regulation of NF-kappaB import into nucleus / positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process / positive regulation of platelet-derived growth factor production / positive regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process / positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation / positive regulation of smooth muscle contraction / positive regulation of synaptic plasticity / positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic / positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta production / positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production / positive regulation of vasoconstriction / prostaglandin biosynthetic process / prostaglandin metabolic process / regulation of blood pressure / regulation of inflammatory response / response to drug / response to estradiol / response to fatty acid / response to fructose / response to glucocorticoid / response to lipopolysaccharide / response to lithium ion / response to manganese ion / response to oxidative stress / response to tumor necrosis factor / response to vitamin D / sensory perception of pain / small molecule metabolic process / vitamin metabolic process / water-soluble vitamin metabolic processComponentscaveola / cytoplasm / endoplasmic reticulum / endoplasmic reticulum lumen / endoplasmic reticulum membrane / neuron projection / nucleus / protein complex
- General Function
- Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity
- Specific Function
- Converts arachidonate to prostaglandin H2 (PGH2), a committed step in prostanoid synthesis. Constitutively expressed in some tissues in physiological conditions, such as the endothelium, kidney and brain, and in pathological conditions, such as in cancer. PTGS2 is responsible for production of inflammatory prostaglandins. Up-regulation of PTGS2 is also associated with increased cell adhesion, phenotypic changes, resistance to apoptosis and tumor angiogenesis. In cancer cells, PTGS2 is a key step in the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which plays important roles in modulating motility, proliferation and resistance to apoptosis.
- Pfam Domain Function
- Transmembrane Regions
- Not Available
- Cellular Location
- Microsome membrane
- Gene sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0021833|Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 (PTGS2) ATGCTCGCCCGCGCCCTGCTGCTGTGCGCGGTCCTGGCGCTCAGCCATACAGCAAATCCT TGCTGTTCCCACCCATGTCAAAACCGAGGTGTATGTATGAGTGTGGGATTTGACCAGTAT AAGTGCGATTGTACCCGGACAGGATTCTATGGAGAAAACTGCTCAACACCGGAATTTTTG ACAAGAATAAAATTATTTCTGAAACCCACTCCAAACACAGTGCACTACATACTTACCCAC TTCAAGGGATTTTGGAACGTTGTGAATAACATTCCCTTCCTTCGAAATGCAATTATGAGT TATGTGTTGACATCCAGATCACATTTGATTGACAGTCCACCAACTTACAATGCTGACTAT GGCTACAAAAGCTGGGAAGCCTTCTCTAACCTCTCCTATTATACTAGAGCCCTTCCTCCT GTGCCTGATGATTGCCCGACTCCCTTGGGTGTCAAAGGTAAAAAGCAGCTTCCTGATTCA AATGAGATTGTGGAAAAATTGCTTCTAAGAAGAAAGTTCATCCCTGATCCCCAGGGCTCA AACATGATGTTTGCATTCTTTGCCCAGCACTTCACGCATCAGTTTTTCAAGACAGATCAT AAGCGAGGGCCAGCTTTCACCAACGGGCTGGGCCATGGGGTGGACTTAAATCATATTTAC GGTGAAACTCTGGCTAGACAGCGTAAACTGCGCCTTTTCAAGGATGGAAAAATGAAATAT CAGATAATTGATGGAGAGATGTATCCTCCCACAGTCAAAGATACTCAGGCAGAGATGATC TACCCTCCTCAAGTCCCTGAGCATCTACGGTTTGCTGTGGGGCAGGAGGTCTTTGGTCTG GTGCCTGGTCTGATGATGTATGCCACAATCTGGCTGCGGGAACACAACAGAGTATGCGAT GTGCTTAAACAGGAGCATCCTGAATGGGGTGATGAGCAGTTGTTCCAGACAAGCAGGCTA ATACTGATAGGAGAGACTATTAAGATTGTGATTGAAGATTATGTGCAACACTTGAGTGGC TATCACTTCAAACTGAAATTTGACCCAGAACTACTTTTCAACAAACAATTCCAGTACCAA AATCGTATTGCTGCTGAATTTAACACCCTCTATCACTGGCATCCCCTTCTGCCTGACACC TTTCAAATTCATGACCAGAAATACAACTATCAACAGTTTATCTACAACAACTCTATATTG CTGGAACATGGAATTACCCAGTTTGTTGAATCATTCACCAGGCAAATTGCTGGCAGGGTT GCTGGTGGTAGGAATGTTCCACCCGCAGTACAGAAAGTATCACAGGCTTCCATTGACCAG AGCAGGCAGATGAAATACCAGTCTTTTAATGAGTACCGCAAACGCTTTATGCTGAAGCCC TATGAATCATTTGAAGAACTTACAGGAGAAAAGGAAATGTCTGCAGAGTTGGAAGCACTC TATGGTGACATCGATGCTGTGGAGCTGTATCCTGCCCTTCTGGTAGAAAAGCCTCGGCCA GATGCCATCTTTGGTGAAACCATGGTAGAAGTTGGAGCACCATTCTCCTTGAAAGGACTT ATGGGTAATGTTATATGTTCTCCTGCCTACTGGAAGCCAAGCACTTTTGGTGGAGAAGTG GGTTTTCAAATCATCAACACTGCCTCAATTCAGTCTCTCATCTGCAATAACGTGAAGGGC TGTCCCTTTACTTCATTCAGTGTTCCAGATCCAGAGCTCATTAAAACAGTCACCATCAAT GCAAGTTCTTCCCGCTCCGGACTAGATGATATCAATCCCACAGTACTACTAAAAGAACGT TCGACTGAACTGTAG
- Chromosome Location
- 1
- Locus
- 1q25.2-q25.3
- External Identifiers
Resource Link UniProtKB ID P35354 UniProtKB Entry Name PGH2_HUMAN GenBank Protein ID 291988 GenBank Gene ID L15326 GenAtlas ID PTGS2 HGNC ID HGNC:9605 - General References
- Jones DA, Carlton DP, McIntyre TM, Zimmerman GA, Prescott SM: Molecular cloning of human prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase type II and demonstration of expression in response to cytokines. J Biol Chem. 1993 Apr 25;268(12):9049-54. [Article]
- Hla T, Neilson K: Human cyclooxygenase-2 cDNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Aug 15;89(16):7384-8. [Article]
- Kosaka T, Miyata A, Ihara H, Hara S, Sugimoto T, Takeda O, Takahashi E, Tanabe T: Characterization of the human gene (PTGS2) encoding prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2. Eur J Biochem. 1994 May 1;221(3):889-97. [Article]
- Appleby SB, Ristimaki A, Neilson K, Narko K, Hla T: Structure of the human cyclo-oxygenase-2 gene. Biochem J. 1994 Sep 15;302 ( Pt 3):723-7. [Article]
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- Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE, Kaul R, Swarbreck D, Dunham A, Scott CE, Howe KL, Woodfine K, Spencer CC, Jones MC, Gillson C, Searle S, Zhou Y, Kokocinski F, McDonald L, Evans R, Phillips K, Atkinson A, Cooper R, Jones C, Hall RE, Andrews TD, Lloyd C, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Anderson F, Andrew RW, Ashwell RI, Aubin K, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Beasley H, Bethel G, Bird CP, Bray-Allen S, Brown JY, Brown AJ, Buckley D, Burton J, Bye J, Carder C, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee C, Cobley V, Collier RE, Corby N, Coville GJ, Davies J, Deadman R, Dunn M, Earthrowl M, Ellington AG, Errington H, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Gay L, Ghori MR, Gibson R, Gilby LM, Gillett W, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Griffiths C, Griffiths-Jones S, Grocock R, Hammond S, Harrison ES, Hart E, Haugen E, Heath PD, Holmes S, Holt K, Howden PJ, Hunt AR, Hunt SE, Hunter G, Isherwood J, James R, Johnson C, Johnson D, Joy A, Kay M, Kershaw JK, Kibukawa M, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights AJ, Lad H, Laird G, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Lloyd DM, Loveland J, Lovell J, Lush MJ, Lyne R, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, Matthews NS, McLaren S, Milne S, Mistry S, Moore MJ, Nickerson T, O'Dell CN, Oliver K, Palmeiri A, Palmer SA, Parker A, Patel D, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Pelan S, Phelps K, Phillimore BJ, Plumb R, Rajan J, Raymond C, Rouse G, Saenphimmachak C, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Skuce CD, Smith M, Steward C, Subramanian S, Sycamore N, Tracey A, Tromans A, Van Helmond Z, Wall M, Wallis JM, White S, Whitehead SL, Wilkinson JE, Willey DL, Williams H, Wilming L, Wray PW, Wu Z, Coulson A, Vaudin M, Sulston JE, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Wooster R, Dunham I, Carter NP, McVean G, Ross MT, Harrow J, Olson MV, Beck S, Rogers J, Bentley DR, Banerjee R, Bryant SP, Burford DC, Burrill WD, Clegg SM, Dhami P, Dovey O, Faulkner LM, Gribble SM, Langford CF, Pandian RD, Porter KM, Prigmore E: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. Nature. 2006 May 18;441(7091):315-21. [Article]
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Drug Relations
- Drug Relations
DrugBank ID Name Drug group Pharmacological action? Actions Details DB00154 Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid investigational, nutraceutical yes Details DB00159 Icosapent approved, nutraceutical yes inhibitor Details DB00480 Lenalidomide approved unknown negative modulator Details DB00482 Celecoxib approved, investigational yes inhibitor Details DB00533 Rofecoxib approved, investigational, withdrawn yes inhibitor Details DB00580 Valdecoxib approved, investigational, withdrawn yes inhibitor Details DB00605 Sulindac approved, investigational yes inhibitor Details DB00712 Flurbiprofen approved, investigational yes inhibitor Details DB00784 Mefenamic acid approved yes inhibitor Details DB00812 Phenylbutazone approved, vet_approved yes inhibitor Details DB00821 Carprofen approved, vet_approved, withdrawn yes inhibitor Details DB00991 Oxaprozin approved yes inhibitor Details DB00244 Mesalazine approved yes inhibitor Details DB00316 Acetaminophen approved yes inhibitor Details DB00328 Indomethacin approved, investigational yes inhibitor Details DB00461 Nabumetone approved yes inhibitor Details DB00465 Ketorolac approved yes inhibitor Details DB00469 Tenoxicam approved yes inhibitor Details DB00500 Tolmetin approved yes inhibitor Details DB00573 Fenoprofen approved yes inhibitor Details DB00586 Diclofenac approved, vet_approved yes inhibitor Details DB00749 Etodolac approved, investigational, vet_approved yes inhibitor Details DB00788 Naproxen approved, vet_approved yes inhibitor Details DB00814 Meloxicam approved, vet_approved yes inhibitor Details DB00861 Diflunisal approved, investigational yes inhibitor Details DB00870 Suprofen approved, withdrawn yes inhibitor Details DB00939 Meclofenamic acid approved, vet_approved yes inhibitor Details DB00945 Acetylsalicylic acid approved, vet_approved yes inhibitor Details DB00963 Bromfenac approved, withdrawn yes inhibitor Details DB01009 Ketoprofen approved, vet_approved yes inhibitor Details DB01014 Balsalazide approved, investigational yes inhibitor Details DB01050 Ibuprofen approved yes inhibitor Details DB01283 Lumiracoxib approved, investigational yes inhibitor Details DB01399 Salsalate approved yes inhibitor Details DB00936 Salicylic acid approved, investigational, vet_approved yes inhibitor Details DB01404 Ginseng investigational, nutraceutical unknown inhibitor Details DB01628 Etoricoxib approved, investigational yes inhibitor Details DB01600 Tiaprofenic acid approved yes inhibitor Details DB04743 Nimesulide approved, investigational, withdrawn yes inhibitor Details DB02709 Resveratrol investigational unknown inhibitor Details DB04725 Licofelone investigational unknown Details DB05095 Cimicoxib investigational unknown Details DB02266 Flufenamic acid approved unknown Details DB00554 Piroxicam approved, investigational yes inhibitor Details DB01397 Magnesium salicylate experimental yes inhibitor Details DB00250 Dapsone approved, investigational unknown substrate Details DB01041 Thalidomide approved, investigational, withdrawn no substrate Details DB06725 Lornoxicam approved, investigational yes inhibitor Details DB03866 Prostaglandin G2 experimental unknown Details DB03477 1-Phenylsulfonamide-3-Trifluoromethyl-5-Parabromophenylpyrazole experimental unknown Details DB06802 Nepafenac approved, investigational unknown inhibitor Details DB00795 Sulfasalazine approved yes inhibitor Details DB04552 Niflumic acid experimental yes inhibitor Details DB01435 Antipyrine approved, investigational unknown inhibitor Details DB01419 Antrafenine approved unknown inhibitor Details DB01401 Choline magnesium trisalicylate approved unknown inhibitor Details DB00233 Aminosalicylic acid approved unknown inhibitor Details DB00963 Bromfenac approved, withdrawn unknown inhibitor Details DB00887 Bumetanide approved unknown inducer Details DB06774 Capsaicin approved unknown inhibitor Details DB00856 Chlorphenesin approved, experimental unknown inhibitor Details DB05095 Cimicoxib investigational unknown inhibitor Details DB00720 Clodronic acid approved, investigational, vet_approved unknown inhibitor Details DB06195 Seliciclib investigational unknown inhibitor Details DB00035 Desmopressin approved unknown inducer Details DB05804 Prasterone sulfate investigational unknown inducer Details DB01395 Drospirenone approved unknown inhibitorinducer Details DB06804 Nonoxynol-9 approved, withdrawn unknown inducer Details DB00515 Cisplatin approved unknown inhibitor Details DB00884 Risedronic acid approved, investigational unknown inducer Details DB00360 Sapropterin approved, investigational unknown inducer Details DB06436 Semaxanib investigational unknown inducer Details DB05875 Sar9, Met (O2)11-Substance P investigational unknown inducer Details DB00041 Aldesleukin approved unknown inducer Details DB00620 Triamcinolone approved, vet_approved unknown inhibitor Details DB08819 Tafluprost approved unknown inducer Details DB08910 Pomalidomide approved yes inhibitor Details DB00773 Etoposide approved unknown substrate Details DB08439 Parecoxib approved yes inhibitor Details DB09217 Firocoxib experimental, vet_approved unknown Details DB13167 Alclofenac approved, withdrawn yes antagonist Details DB09213 Dexibuprofen approved, investigational yes inhibitor Details DB11133 Omega-3 fatty acids approved, nutraceutical unknown substrate Details DB13168 Omega-6 fatty acids nutraceutical unknown substrate Details DB06736 Aceclofenac approved, investigational yes inhibitor Details DB13783 Acemetacin approved, investigational yes antagonist Details DB09215 Droxicam withdrawn yes inhibitor Details DB09212 Loxoprofen approved yes antagonist Details DB09216 Tolfenamic acid approved, investigational yes antagonist Details DB09214 Dexketoprofen approved, investigational unknown antagonist Details DB09214 Dexketoprofen approved, investigational unknown inhibitor Details DB09295 Talniflumate experimental unknown antagonist Details DB09295 Talniflumate experimental unknown inhibitor Details DB09285 Morniflumate experimental unknown Details DB09285 Morniflumate experimental unknown inhibitor Details DB09288 Propacetamol experimental yes antagonist Details DB11079 Trolamine salicylate approved yes inhibitor Details DB11071 Phenyl salicylate approved unknown antagonist Details DB13346 Bufexamac approved, withdrawn yes inhibitor Details DB11327 Dipyrithione approved unknown Details DB13961 Fish oil approved, nutraceutical yes inhibitor Details DB11323 Glycol salicylate approved yes antagonist Details DB11201 Menthyl salicylate approved yes antagonist Details DB13501 Bendazac approved, withdrawn unknown Details DB09061 Cannabidiol approved, investigational unknown inhibitor Details DB14011 Nabiximols investigational unknown inhibitor Details DB14009 Medical Cannabis experimental, investigational unknown inhibitor Details DB11752 Bryostatin 1 investigational unknown inducer Details DB00482 Celecoxib approved, investigational unknown inhibitor Details DB14060 NS-398 experimental unknown inhibitor Details DB13514 Pranoprofen experimental, investigational yes inhibitor Details DB00328 Indomethacin approved, investigational yes inhibitor Details DB01250 Olsalazine approved yes inhibitor Details