Glycolic acid
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Identification
- Generic Name
- Glycolic acid
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB03085
- Background
Not Available
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Investigational
- Structure
- Weight
- Average: 76.0514
Monoisotopic: 76.016043994 - Chemical Formula
- C2H4O3
- Synonyms
- 2-Hydroxyacetic acid
- 2-Hydroxyethanoic acid
- alpha-Hydroxyacetic acid
- Glycollic acid
- Hydroxyacetic acid
- Hydroxyethanoic acid
- α-hydroxyacetic acid
- External IDs
- NSC-166
Pharmacology
- Indication
Not Available
Reduce drug development failure ratesBuild, train, & validate machine-learning modelswith evidence-based and structured datasets.Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets.- Associated Conditions
Indication Type Indication Combined Product Details Approval Level Age Group Patient Characteristics Dose Form Treatment of Acne ••• ••• Treatment of Skin pigmentation ••• ••• - Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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- Pharmacodynamics
Not Available
- Mechanism of action
Target Actions Organism UGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase inhibitorHumans - Absorption
Not Available
- Volume of distribution
Not Available
- Protein binding
Not Available
- Metabolism
- Not Available
- Route of elimination
Not Available
- Half-life
Not Available
- Clearance
Not Available
- Adverse Effects
- Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.
- Toxicity
Not Available
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.Not Available
- Food Interactions
- No interactions found.
Products
- Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.
- Over the Counter Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image bdr Re-action deep low base skin refiner exfoliation essence Liquid 3 g/30mL Topical Goldeneye Permanent System GmbH Germany 2016-11-14 Not applicable US Glycolic Acid Cream 1.4 g/100g Topical Chemco Corporation 2021-04-07 Not applicable US Glycolic Acid Liquid 9 g/30mL Topical SSG Ventures Inc 2021-04-12 Not applicable US Glycolic Acid Liquid 0.7 1/9mL Topical Scientific Solutions Global Llc 2019-10-03 Not applicable US Village 11 Factory Relax Day Aha Exfoliating Body Lotion 25.2 g/300g Topical Pfd Co.,Ltd. 2020-11-20 Not applicable US - Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image AHA 7 Whitehead Power Liquid Glycolic acid (7 mg/100mL) + Nicotinamide (2 mg/100mL) Liquid Topical Cosrx Inc. 2015-12-23 2017-06-28 US AnubisMed Glycolic acid (17 g/50mL) + Ammonia (2.75 g/50mL) + Ascorbyl glucoside (0.25 g/50mL) + Ethanol (6.3 mL/50mL) + Ethylhexylglycerin (0.025 g/50mL) + Hexylresorcinol (1 g/50mL) + Hydroxyethyl cellulose (0.34875 g/50mL) + Isopropyl alcohol (0.75 g/50mL) + Kojic acid (2.5 g/50mL) + Lactic acid (5 g/50mL) + Phenoxyethanol (0.225 g/50mL) + Propylene glycol (0.5 g/50mL) + Salicylic acid (1 g/50mL) + Water (7.333 mL/50mL) Liquid Topical ANUBIS COSMETICS SL 2022-11-04 2027-07-01 US Clear Cell Salicylic Clarifying Tonic Glycolic acid (50 mg/1mL) + Salicylic acid (30 mg/1mL) Liquid Topical Allure Labs, Inc. 2010-01-01 Not applicable US GLICOLIC®-H LOCION Glycolic acid (10 g) + Hydroquinone (2 g) Lotion Topical ALTEA FARMACEUTICA S.A. 2006-11-10 2017-11-27 Colombia Jayjun Gold Snow Refreshing Peeling Glycolic acid (0.003 g/120mL) + Lactic acid (0.0012 g/120mL) Gel Topical Jayjun Cosmetic Co.,ltd. 2018-11-01 2019-11-01 US - Unapproved/Other Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image AHA 7 Whitehead Power Liquid Glycolic acid (7 mg/100mL) + Nicotinamide (2 mg/100mL) Liquid Topical Cosrx Inc. 2015-12-23 2017-06-28 US bdr Re-action deep low base skin refiner exfoliation essence Glycolic acid (3 g/30mL) Liquid Topical Goldeneye Permanent System GmbH Germany 2016-11-14 Not applicable US Glycolic Acid Glycolic acid (9 g/30mL) Liquid Topical SSG Ventures Inc 2021-04-12 Not applicable US Glycolic Acid Glycolic acid (0.7 1/9mL) Liquid Topical Scientific Solutions Global Llc 2019-10-03 Not applicable US Glycolic Acid Glycolic acid (1.4 g/100g) Cream Topical Chemco Corporation 2021-04-07 Not applicable US
Categories
- Drug Categories
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha hydroxy acids and derivatives. These are organic compounds containing a carboxylic acid substituted with a hydroxyl group on the adjacent carbon.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Organic acids and derivatives
- Class
- Hydroxy acids and derivatives
- Sub Class
- Alpha hydroxy acids and derivatives
- Direct Parent
- Alpha hydroxy acids and derivatives
- Alternative Parents
- Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids / Primary alcohols / Organic oxides / Hydrocarbon derivatives / Carbonyl compounds
- Substituents
- Alcohol / Aliphatic acyclic compound / Alpha-hydroxy acid / Carbonyl group / Carboxylic acid / Carboxylic acid derivative / Hydrocarbon derivative / Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives / Organic oxide / Organic oxygen compound
- Molecular Framework
- Aliphatic acyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- primary alcohol, 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid (CHEBI:17497)
- Affected organisms
- Not Available
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 0WT12SX38S
- CAS number
- 79-14-1
- InChI Key
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C2H4O3/c3-1-2(4)5/h3H,1H2,(H,4,5)
- IUPAC Name
- 2-hydroxyacetic acid
- SMILES
- OCC(O)=O
References
- Synthesis Reference
David Y. Tang, Arthur M. Foster, "(3-Trifluoromethylphenyl)-alpha-hydroxyacetic acid and process for preparation." U.S. Patent US4296244, issued January, 1977.
US4296244- General References
- Not Available
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0000115
- KEGG Compound
- C03547
- PubChem Compound
- 757
- PubChem Substance
- 46508186
- ChemSpider
- 737
- 70603
- ChEBI
- 17497
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL252557
- ZINC
- ZINC000004658557
- PDBe Ligand
- GOA
- Wikipedia
- Glycolic_acid
- PDB Entries
- 1qki / 1ryi / 2h8p / 2hfe / 2hg5 / 2o99 / 3if9 / 3l24 / 3nyg / 3r3z … show 48 more
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 4 Completed Treatment Melasma 1 4 Recruiting Treatment Benign facial lentigines / Solar Elastosis 1 4 Unknown Status Treatment Melasma 1 2 Completed Treatment Recurrent Herpes Labialis 1 2 Unknown Status Treatment Acne Scars 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Solution Oral 12 g Liquid Topical 3 g/30mL Liquid Topical Cream Topical Cream Topical 10 g Cream Topical 1.4 g/100g Liquid Topical 0.7 1/9mL Liquid Topical 9 g/30mL Ointment Topical Gel Topical Lotion Topical Lotion Topical 25.2 g/300g - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 79.5 °C PhysProp logP -1.11 HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995) pKa 3.83 SERJEANT,EP & DEMPSEY,B (1979) - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 608.0 mg/mL ALOGPS logP -1 ALOGPS logP -1 Chemaxon logS 0.9 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 3.53 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Basic) -3.6 Chemaxon Physiological Charge -1 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 3 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 2 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 57.53 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 1 Chemaxon Refractivity 14.35 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 6.2 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 0 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter No Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption + 0.893 Blood Brain Barrier + 0.651 Caco-2 permeable - 0.7739 P-glycoprotein substrate Non-substrate 0.7721 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Non-inhibitor 0.976 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.9877 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.9549 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.8584 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.9123 CYP450 3A4 substrate Non-substrate 0.8096 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.9308 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9635 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9736 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9756 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9693 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.989 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.9556 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.6589 Biodegradation Ready biodegradable 0.9398 Rat acute toxicity 1.5594 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.9917 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.9585
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
- Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Adduct CCS Value (Å2) Source type Source [M-H]- 101.4413476 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 101.5307476 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 101.5708476 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 125.47621 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 102.8073476 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 105.6181476 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 102.5448476 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 128.22542 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 101.9312476 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 101.9838476 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 101.9133476 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 136.46193 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
Targets
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1. DetailsGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- Curator comments
- Research referenced utilized rats and looked at G6P dehydrogenase protein.
- General Function
- Protein homodimerization activity
- Specific Function
- Catalyzes the rate-limiting step of the oxidative pentose-phosphate pathway, which represents a route for the dissimilation of carbohydrates besides glycolysis. The main function of this enzyme is ...
- Gene Name
- G6PD
- Uniprot ID
- P11413
- Uniprot Name
- Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase
- Molecular Weight
- 59256.31 Da
References
- Ribaya JD, Gershoff SN: Interrelationships in rats among dietary vitamin B6, glycine and hydroxyproline. Effects of oxalate, glyoxylate, glycolate, and glycine on liver enzymes. J Nutr. 1979 Jan;109(1):171-83. doi: 10.1093/jn/109.1.171. [Article]
Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at September 28, 2021 21:54