Caffeine as a psychomotor stimulant: mechanism of action.
Article Details
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Fisone G, Borgkvist A, Usiello A
Caffeine as a psychomotor stimulant: mechanism of action.
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2004 Apr;61(7-8):857-72.
- PubMed ID
- 15095008 [ View in PubMed]
- Abstract
The popularity of caffeine as a psychoactive drug is due to its stimulant properties, which depend on its ability to reduce adenosine transmission in the brain. Adenosine A(1) and A(2A) receptors are expressed in the basal ganglia, a group of structures involved in various aspects of motor control. Caffeine acts as an antagonist to both types of receptors. Increasing evidence indicates that the psychomotor stimulant effect of caffeine is generated by affecting a particular group of projection neurons located in the striatum, the main receiving area of the basal ganglia. These cells express high levels of adenosine A(2A) receptors, which are involved in various intracellular processes, including the expression of immediate early genes and regulation of the dopamine- and cyclic AMP-regulated 32-kDa phosphoprotein DARPP-32. The present review focuses on the effects of caffeine on striatal signal transduction and on their involvement in caffeine-mediated motor stimulation.
DrugBank Data that Cites this Article
- Drug Targets
Drug Target Kind Organism Pharmacological Action Actions Theobromine Adenosine receptor A1 Protein Humans YesAntagonistDetails Theobromine Adenosine receptor A2a Protein Humans YesAntagonistDetails Theobromine cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B Protein Humans UnknownInhibitorDetails