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Showing drug card for Dipyridamole (DB00975)

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Version 2.5
Creation Date 2005-06-13 13:24:05
Update Date 2009-06-23 18:07:32
Primary Accession Number DB00975
Secondary Accession Number
  • APRD00360
Name Dipyridamole
Drug Type
  • Approved
  • Small Molecule
Description A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752)
Synonyms
  1. Dipiridamol
  2. Dipyridamine
  3. Dipyridamol
  4. Dipyudamine
  5. Dypyridamol
  6. Usaf Ge-12
Brand Names
  1. Aggrenox
  2. Agilease
  3. Anginal
  4. Apo-Dipyridamole Fc
  5. Apo-Dipyridamole Sc
  6. Apricor
  7. Cardioflux
  8. Cardoxil
  9. Chilcolan
  10. Cleridium
  11. Cleridium 150
  12. Coribon
  13. Coridil
  14. Coronarine
  15. Corosan
  16. Coroxin
  17. Curantyl
  18. Dipyridan
  19. Gulliostin
  20. IV Persantine
  21. Justpertin
  22. Kurantil
  23. Natyl
  24. Novo-Dipiradol
  25. Peridamol
  26. Permiltin
  27. Persantin
  28. Persantine
  29. Piroan
  30. Prandiol
  31. Prandiol 75
  32. Protangix
  33. RA 8
  34. RA-8
  35. Stenocardil
  36. Stenocardiol
  37. Stimolcardio
Brand Mixtures Not Available
Chemical IUPAC Name 2-[[2-(bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino)-4,8-di(piperidin-1-yl)pyrimido[6,5-e]pyrimidin-6-yl]-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethanol
Chemical Formula C24H40N8O4
Chemical Structure Structure
CAS Registry Number 58-32-2
InChI Identifier InChI=1/C24H40N8O4/c33-15-11-31(12-16-34)23-26-20-19(21(27-23)29-7-3-1-4-8-29)25-24(32(13-17-35)14-18-36)28-22(20)30-9-5-2-6-10-30/h33-36H,1-18H2
InChI Key IZEKFCXSFNUWAM-UHFFFAOYAG
KEGG Drug D00302 Link Image
KEGG Compound Not Available
PubChem Compound 3108 Link Image
PubChem Substance 148864 Link Image
ChEBI ID Not Available
PharmGKB ID PA449367 Link Image
HET ID Not Available
GenBank ID Not Available
Drug ID Number [DIN] 02244475 Link Image
RxList Link http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic2/dipyrid.htm Link Image
PDRhealth Link Not Available
Wikipedia Link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipyridamole Link Image
FDA Label
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
Synthesis Reference F. G. Fischer, et al., and U.S. Pat. 3,031,450 (1962)
Average Molecular Weight 504.6256
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 504.3173
State Solid
Melting Point 163oC
Experimental Water Solubility Slightly Source: PhysProp
Predicted Water Solubility 9.22e-01 mg/mL Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity 1.5 Source: PhysProp
Predicted LogP 1.52 Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental LogS Not Available
Predicted LogS -2.74 Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental Caco2 Permeability Not Available
pKa/Isoelectric Point Not Available
Mass Spectrum Not Available
MOL File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
SDF File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
PDB File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
2D Structure
3D Structure
Experimental PDB ID Not Available
Isomeric SMILES OCCN(CCO)C1=NC2=C(N=C(N=C2N2CCCCC2)N(CCO)CCO)C(=N1)N1CCCCC1
Canonical SMILES OCCN(CCO)C1=NC2=C(N=C(N=C2N2CCCCC2)N(CCO)CCO)C(=N1)N1CCCCC1
Drug Category
  • Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors
  • Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors
  • Vasodilator Agents
ATC Codes
AHFS Codes
  • 24:12.92
Indication For as an adjunct to coumarin anticoagulants in the prevention of postoperative thromboembolic complications of cardiac valve replacement and also used in prevention of angina.
Pharmacology Dipyridamole, a non-nitrate coronary vasodilator that also inhibits platelet aggregation, is combined with other anticoagulant drugs, such as warfarin, to prevent thrombosis in patients with valvular or vascular disorders. Dipyridamole is also used in myocardial perfusion imaging, as an antiplatelet agent, and in combination with aspirin for stroke prophylaxis.
Mechanism of Action Dipyridamole likely inhibits both adenosine deaminase and phosphodiesterase, preventing the degradation of cAMP, an inhibitor of platelet function. This elevation in cAMP blocks the release of arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids and reduces thromboxane A2 activity. Dipyridamole also directly stimulates the release of prostacyclin, which induces adenylate cyclase activity, thereby raising the intraplatelet concentration of cAMP and further inhibiting platelet aggregation.
Absorption 70%
Toxicity Hypotension, if it occurs, is likely to be of short duration, but a vasopressor drug may be used if necessary. The oral LD50 in rats is greater than 6,000 mg/kg while in the dogs, the oral LD50 is approximately 400 mg/kg. LD50=8.4g/kg (orally in rat)
Protein Binding 99%
Biotransformation hepatic
Half Life 40 minutes
Dosage Forms
Form Route
Liquid Intravenous
Solution Intravenous
Tablet Oral
Patient Information Show Link Image
Contraindications Show Link Image
Interactions Show Link Image
Drug Interactions
Drug Interaction
Adenosine Increases the effect/toxicity of adenosine
Fludarabine Decreases the effect of fludarabine
Food Interactions
  • Coffee and tea can decrease the effect of dipyridamole.
  • Take with food to reduce irritation.
Pathways
Name SMPDB Link KEGG Link
Dipyridamole Pathway SMP00264 Link Image
General References
  1. Diener HC, Cunha L, Forbes C, Sivenius J, Smets P, Lowenthal A: European Stroke Prevention Study. 2. Dipyridamole and acetylsalicylic acid in the secondary prevention of stroke. J Neurol Sci. 1996 Nov;143(1-2):1-13. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Drugs.com Link Image
  3. Wikipedia Link Image
  4. RxList Link Image
Organisms Affected
  • Humans and other mammals
Targets
  1. cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase
  2. cAMP and cAMP-inhibited cGMP 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 10A
  3. Multidrug resistance protein 1
  4. cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4A
  5. Adenosine deaminase
Drug Target 1 [top]
Target 1 ID 204
Target 1 Name cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase
Target 1 Synonyms
  1. CGB-PDE
  2. EC 3.1.4.35
  3. cGMP-binding cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase
Target 1 Gene Name PDE5A
Target 1 Protein Sequence >cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 
MERAGPSFGQQRQQQQPQQQKQQQRDQDSVEAWLDDHWDFTFSYFVRKATREMVNAWFAE
RVHTIPVCKEGIRGHTESCSCPLQQSPRADNSVPGTPTRKISASEFDRPLRPIVVKDSEG
TVSFLSDSEKKEQMPLTPPRFDHDEGDQCSRLLELVKDISSHLDVTALCHKIFLHIHGLI
SADRYSLFLVCEDSSNDKFLISRLFDVAEGSTLEEVSNNCIRLEWNKGIVGHVAALGEPL
NIKDAYEDPRFNAEVDQITGYKTQSILCMPIKNHREEVVGVAQAINKKSGNGGTFTEKDE
KDFAAYLAFCGIVLHNAQLYETSLLENKRNQVLLDLASLIFEEQQSLEVILKKIAATIIS
FMQVQKCTIFIVDEDCSDSFSSVFHMECEELEKSSDTLTREHDANKINYMYAQYVKNTME
PLNIPDVSKDKRFPWTTENTGNVNQQCIRSLLCTPIKNGKKNKVIGVCQLVNKMEENTGK
VKPFNRNDEQFLEAFVIFCGLGIQNTQMYEAVERAMAKQMVTLEVLSYHASAAEEETREL
QSLAAAVVPSAQTLKITDFSFSDFELSDLETALCTIRMFTDLNLVQNFQMKHEVLCRWIL
SVKKNYRKNVAYHNWRHAFNTAQCMFAALKAGKIQNKLTDLEILALLIAALSHDLDHRGV
NNSYIQRSEHPLAQLYCHSIMEHHHFDQCLMILNSPGNQILSGLSIEEYKTTLKIIKQAI
LATDLALYIKRRGEFFELIRKNQFNLEDPHQKELFLAMLMTACDLSAITKPWPIQQRIAE
LVATEFFDQGDRERKELNIEPTDLMNREKKNKIPSMQVGFIDAICLQLYEALTHVSEDCF
PLLDGCRKNRQKWQALAEQQEKMLINGESGQAKRN
Target 1 Number of Residues 889
Target 1 Molecular Weight 100014
Target 1 Theoretical pI 6.00
Target 1 GO Classification
Function
hydrolase activity
hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds
phosphoric ester hydrolase activity
phosphoric diester hydrolase activity
cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
catalytic activity
Process
cellular process
cell communication
signal transduction
Component
Not Available
Target 1 General Function Involved in catalytic activity
Target 1 Specific Function Plays a role in signal transduction by regulating the intracellular concentration of cyclic nucleotides. This phosphodiesterase catalyzes the specific hydrolysis of cGMP to 5'- GMP
Target 1 Pathways Not Available
Target 1 Reactions
  • guanosine 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = guanosine 5'-phosphate
Target 1 Pfam Domain Function
Target 1 Signals
  • None
Target 1 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Target 1 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 1 GenBank ID Protein 3420185 Link Image
Target 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID O76074 Link Image
Target 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PDE5A_HUMAN Link Image
Target 1 PDB ID 1T9R Link Image
Target 1 PDB File Show
Target 1 3D Structure
Target 1 Cellular Location
  • Cytoplasmic
Target 1 Gene Sequence >2628 bp 
ATGGAGCGGGCCGGCCCCAGCTTCGGGCAGCAGCGACAGCAGCAGCAGCCCCAGCAGCAG
AAGCAGCAGCAGAGGGATCAGGACTCGGTCGAAGCATGGCTGGACGATCACTGGGACTTT
ACCTTCTCATACTTTGTTAGAAAAGCCACCAGAGAAATGGTCAATGCATGGTTTGCTGAG
AGAGTTCACACCATCCCTGTGTGCAAGGAAGGTATCAGAGGCCACACCGAATCTTGCTCT
TGTCCCTTGCAGCAGAGTCCTCGTGCAGATAACAGTGTCCCTGGAACACCAACCAGGAAA
ATCTCTGCCTCTGAATTTGACCGGCCTCTTAGACCCATTGTTGTCAAGGATTCTGAGGGA
ACTGTGAGCTTCCTCTCTGACTCAGAAAAGAAGGAACAGATGCCTCTAACCCCTCCAAGG
TTTGATCATGATGAAGGGGACCAGTGCTCAAGACTCTTGGAATTAGTGAAGGATATTTCT
AGTCATTTGGATGTCACAGCCTTATGTCACAAAATTTTCTTGCATATCCATGGACTGATA
TCTGCTGACCGCTATTCCCTGTTCCTTGTCTGTGAAGACAGCTCCAATGACAAGTTTCTT
ATCAGCCGCCTCTTTGATGTTGCTGAAGGTTCAACACTGGAAGAAGTTTCAAATAACTGT
ATCCGCTTAGAATGGAACAAAGGCATTGTGGGACATGTGGCAGCGCTTGGTGAGCCCTTG
AACATCAAAGATGCATATGAGGATCCTCGGTTCAATGCAGAAGTTGACCAAATTACAGGC
TACAAGACACAAAGCATTCTTTGTATGCCAATTAAGAATCATAGGGAAGAGGTTGTTGGT
GTAGCCCAGGCCATCAACAAGAAATCAGGAAACGGTGGGACATTTACTGAAAAAGATGAA
AAGGACTTTGCTGCTTATTTGGCATTTTGTGGTATTGTTCTTCATAATGCTCAGCTCTAT
GAGACTTCACTGCTGGAGAACAAGAGAAATCAGGTGCTGCTTGACCTTGCTAGTTTAATT
TTTGAAGAACAACAATCATTAGAAGTAATTTTGAAGAAAATAGCTGCCACTATTATCTCT
TTCATGCAAGTGCAGAAATGCACCATTTTCATAGTGGATGAAGATTGCTCCGATTCTTTT
TCTAGTGTGTTTCACATGGAGTGTGAGGAATTAGAAAAATCATCTGATACATTAACAAGG
GAACATGATGCAAACAAAATCAATTACATGTATGCTCAGTATGTCAAAAATACTATGGAA
CCACTTAATATCCCAGATGTCAGTAAGGATAAAAGATTTCCCTGGACAACTGAAAATACA
GGAAATGTAAACCAGCAGTGCATTAGAAGTTTGCTTTGTACACCTATAAAAAATGGAAAG
AAGAATAAAGTTATAGGGGTTTGCCAACTTGTTAATAAGATGGAGGAGAATACTGGCAAG
GTTAAGCCTTTCAACCGAAATGACGAACAGTTTCTGGAAGCTTTTGTCATCTTTTGTGGC
TTGGGGATCCAGAACACGCAGATGTATGAAGCAGTGGAGAGAGCCATGGCCAAGCAAATG
GTCACATTGGAGGTTCTGTCGTATCATGCTTCAGCAGCAGAGGAAGAAACAAGAGAGCTA
CAGTCGTTAGCGGCTGCTGTGGTGCCATCTGCCCAGACCCTTAAAATTACTGACTTTAGC
TTCAGTGACTTTGAGCTGTCTGATCTGGAAACAGCACTGTGTACAATTCGGATGTTTACT
GACCTCAACCTTGTGCAGAACTTCCAGATGAAACATGAGGTTCTTTGCAGATGGATTTTA
AGTGTTAAGAAGAATTATCGGAAGAATGTTGCCTATCATAATTGGAGACATGCCTTTAAT
ACAGCTCAGTGCATGTTTGCTGCTCTAAAAGCAGGCAAAATTCAGAACAAGCTGACTGAC
CTGGAGATACTTGCATTGCTGATTGCTGCACTAAGCCACGATTTGGATCACCGTGGTGTG
AATAACTCTTACATACAGCGAAGTGAACATCCACTTGCCCAGCTTTACTGCCATTCAATC
ATGGAACACCATCATTTTGACCAGTGCCTGATGATTCTTAATAGTCCAGGCAATCAGATT
CTCAGTGGCCTCTCCATTGAAGAATATAAGACCACGTTGAAAATAATCAAGCAAGCTATT
TTAGCTACAGACCTAGCACTGTACATTAAGAGGCGAGGAGAATTTTTTGAACTTATAAGA
AAAAATCAATTCAATTTGGAAGATCCTCATCAAAAGGAGTTGTTTTTGGCAATGCTGATG
ACAGCTTGTGATCTTTCTGCAATTACAAAACCCTGGCCTATTCAACAACGGATAGCAGAA
CTTGTAGCAACTGAATTTTTTGATCAAGGAGACAGAGAGAGAAAAGAACTCAACATAGAA
CCCACTGATCTAATGAACAGGGAGAAGAAAAACAAAATCCCAAGTATGCAAGTTGGGTTC
ATAGATGCCATCTGCTTGCAACTGTATGAGGCCCTGACCCACGTGTCAGAGGACTGTTTC
CCTTTGCTAGATGGCTGCAGAAAGAACAGGCAGAAATGGCAGGCCCTTGCAGAACAGCAG
GAGAAGATGCTGATTAATGGGGAAAGCGGCCAGGCCAAGCGGAACTGA
Target 1 GenBank Gene ID
Target 1 GeneCard ID PDE5A Link Image
Target 1 GenAtlas ID PDE5A Link Image
Target 1 HGNC ID HGNC:8784 Link Image
Target 1 Chromosome Location 4
Target 1 Locus 4q25-q27
Target 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 1 General References
  1. Zhou L, Thompson WJ, Potter DE: Multiple cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases in human trabecular meshwork cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1999 Jul;40(8):1745-52. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Sung BJ, Hwang KY, Jeon YH, Lee JI, Heo YS, Kim JH, Moon J, Yoon JM, Hyun YL, Kim E, Eum SJ, Park SY, Lee JO, Lee TG, Ro S, Cho JM: Structure of the catalytic domain of human phosphodiesterase 5 with bound drug molecules. Nature. 2003 Sep 4;425(6953):98-102. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Stacey P, Rulten S, Dapling A, Phillips SC: Molecular cloning and expression of human cGMP-binding cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE5). Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1998 Jun 18;247(2):249-54. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Loughney K, Hill TR, Florio VA, Uher L, Rosman GJ, Wolda SL, Jones BA, Howard ML, McAllister-Lucas LM, Sonnenburg WK, Francis SH, Corbin JD, Beavo JA, Ferguson K: Isolation and characterization of cDNAs encoding PDE5A, a human cGMP-binding, cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase. Gene. 1998 Aug 17;216(1):139-47. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Yanaka N, Kotera J, Ohtsuka A, Akatsuka H, Imai Y, Michibata H, Fujishige K, Kawai E, Takebayashi S, Okumura K, Omori K: Expression, structure and chromosomal localization of the human cGMP-binding cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase PDE5A gene. Eur J Biochem. 1998 Jul 15;255(2):391-9. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 1 Drug References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Kulkarni SK, Patil CS: Phosphodiesterase 5 enzyme and its inhibitors: update on pharmacological and therapeutical aspects. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 2004 Dec;26(10):789-99. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Santini F, Casali G, Franchi G, Auriemma S, Lusini M, Barozzi L, Favaro A, Messina A, Mazzucco A: Hemodynamic effects of inhaled nitric oxide and phosphodiesterase inhibitor (dipyridamole) on secondary pulmonary hypertension following heart valve surgery in adults. Int J Cardiol. 2005 Aug 18;103(2):156-63. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Kruuse C, Lassen LH, Iversen HK, Oestergaard S, Olesen J: Dipyridamole may induce migraine in patients with migraine without aura. Cephalalgia. 2006 Aug;26(8):925-33. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Jackson EK, Ren J, Zacharia LC, Mi Z: Characterization of renal ecto-phosphodiesterase. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2007 May;321(2):810-5. Epub 2007 Feb 16. [PubMed Link Image]
Drug Target 2 [top]
Target 2 ID 695
Target 2 Name cAMP and cAMP-inhibited cGMP 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 10A
Target 2 Synonyms
  1. EC 3.1.4.17
Target 2 Gene Name PDE10A
Target 2 Protein Sequence >cAMP and cAMP-inhibited cGMP 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 10A 
MRIEERKSQHLTGLTDEKVKAYLSLHPQVLDEFVSESVSAETVEKWLKRKNNKSEDESAP
KEVSRYQDTNMQGVVYELNSYIEQRLDTGGDNQLLLYELSSIIKIATKADGFALYFLGEC
NNSLCIFTPPGIKEGKPRLIPAGPITQGTTVSAYVAKSRKTLLVEDILGDERFPRGTGLE
SGTRIQSVLCLPIVTAIGDLIGILELYRHWGKEAFCLSHQEVATANLAWASVAIHQVQVC
RGLAKQTELNDFLLDVSKTYFDNIVAIDSLLEHIMIYAKNLVNADRCALFQVDHKNKELY
SDLFDIGEEKEGKPVFKKTKEIRFSIEKGIAGQVARTGEVLNIPDAYADPRFNREVDLYT
GYTTRNILCMPIVSRGSVIGVVQMVNKISGSAFSKTDENNFKMFAVFCALALHCANMYHR
IRHSECIYRVTMEKLSYHSICTSEEWQGLMQFTLPVRLCKEIELFHFDIGPFENMWPGIF
VYMVHRSCGTSCFELEKLCRFIMSVKKNYRRVPYHNWKHAVTVAHCMYAILQNNHTLFTD
LERKGLLIACLCHDLDHRGFSNSYLQKFDHPLAALYSTSTMEQHHFSQTVSILQLEGHNI
FSTLSSSEYEQVLEIIRKAIIATDLALYFGNRKQLEEMYQTGSLNLNNQSHRDRVIGLMM
TACDLCSVTKLWPVTKLTANDIYAEFWAEGDEMKKLGIQPIPMMDRDKKDEVPQGQLGFY
NAVAIPCYTTLTQILPPTEPLLKACRDNLSQWEKVIRGEETATWISSPSVAQKAAASED
Target 2 Number of Residues 791
Target 2 Molecular Weight 88413
Target 2 Theoretical pI 6.57
Target 2 GO Classification
Function
hydrolase activity
hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds
phosphoric ester hydrolase activity
phosphoric diester hydrolase activity
cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
catalytic activity
Process
cellular process
cell communication
signal transduction
Component
Not Available
Target 2 General Function Involved in cAMP phosphodiesterasec activity
Target 2 Specific Function Plays a role in signal transduction by regulating the intracellular concentration of cyclic nucleotides. This enzyme can hydrolyze both cAMP and cGMP, having a higher affinity for cAMP
Target 2 Pathways
Name SMPDB Link KEGG Link
Purine metabolism SMP00050 Link Image map00230 Link Image
Target 2 Reactions
  • nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleoside 5'-phosphate
Target 2 Pfam Domain Function
Target 2 Signals
  • None
Target 2 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Target 2 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 2 GenBank ID Protein 4958858 Link Image
Target 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q9Y233 Link Image
Target 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PDE10_HUMAN Link Image
Target 2 PDB ID Not Available
Target 2 Cellular Location
  • Located mostly to soluble cellular fractions
Target 2 Gene Sequence >2340 bp 
ATGAGGATAGAAGAGAGGAAATCCCAACATTTAACAGGTTTGACAGATGAAAAAGTGAAG
GCATATCTTTCTCTTCACCCCCAGGTATTAGATGAATTTGTATCTGAAAGTGTTAGTGCA
GAGACAGTAGAGAAATGGCTGAAGAGGAAGAACAACAAATCAGAAGATGAATCAGCTCCT
AAGGAAGTCAGCAGGTACCAAGATACGAATATGCAGGGAGTTGTATATGAACTAAACAGC
TATATAGAACAACGGTTGGACACAGGAGGAGACAACCAGCTACTCCTCTATGAACTGAGC
AGCATCATTAAAATAGCCACAAAAGCCGATGGATTTGCACTGTATTTCCTTGGAGAGTGC
AATAATAGCCTGTGTATATTCACGCCACCTGGGATAAAGGAAGGAAAACCCCGCCTCATC
CCTGCTGGGCCCATCACTCAGGGCACCACCGTCTCTGCTTATGTGGCCAAGTCCAGGAAA
ACACTGCTAGTAGAAGACATCCTTGGAGATGAACGATTTCCAAGAGGTACTGGACTGGAA
TCAGGGACTCGTATCCAGTCTGTTCTTTGCTTACCAATTGTCACTGCAATTGGTGACTTG
ATTGGTATTCTCGAGCTGTATCGGCACTGGGGCAAAGAAGCCTTCTGTCTTAGTCACCAG
GAGGTTGCAACAGCAAATCTTGCCTGGGCTTCAGTAGCAATACATCAGGTGCAGGTATGC
AGAGGCCTTGCCAAACAGACAGAATTGAATGACTTCCTACTCGACGTATCAAAAACATAT
TTTGATAACATAGTTGCAATAGATTCTCTACTTGAACACATAATGATATATGCAAAAAAC
CTGGTGAATGCCGATCGTTGTGCGCTTTTCCAGGTGGACCATAAGAACAAGGAGTTATAT
TCAGACCTTTTTGATATTGGAGAGGAAAAGGAAGGAAAACCTGTCTTCAAGAAGACCAAA
GAGATAAGATTTTCAATTGAGAAAGGAATTGCTGGCCAAGTAGCAAGAACAGGGGAAGTC
CTGAACATTCCAGATGCCTATGCAGACCCACGCTTTAACAGAGAAGTAGACTTGTACACA
GGCTACACCACGCGGAACATCCTGTGCATGCCCATCGTCAGCCGAGGCAGCGTGATAGGT
GTGGTGCAGATGGTCAACAAAATCAGTGGCAGTGCCTTCTCTAAAACAGATGAAAACAAC
TTCAAAATGTTTGCCGTCTTTTGTGCTTTAGCCTTACACTGTGCTAATATGTATCATAGA
ATTCGCCACTCAGAGTGCATTTACCGGGTAACGATGGAAAAGCTGTCCTACCATAGCATT
TGTACTTCAGAAGAGTGGCAAGGTCTCATGCAATTCACCCTTCCCGTGCGTCTCTGCAAA
GAAATTGAATTATTCCACTTTGACATTGGTCCTTTTGAAAACATGTGGCCTGGAATTTTT
GTCTACATGGTTCATCGGTCCTGTGGGACATCCTGCTTTGAGCTTGAAAAGTTGTGTCGT
TTTATTATGTCTGTGAAGAAGAACTATCGGCGGGTTCCTTATCACAACTGGAAGCATGCG
GTCACTGTAGCACACTGCATGTATGCCATACTTCAGAACAATCACACGCTTTTCACAGAC
CTTGAGCGCAAAGGACTGCTGATTGCGTGTCTGTGTCATGACCTGGACCACAGGGGCTTC
AGTAACAGCTACCTGCAGAAGTTCGACCACCCTCTGGCCGCTCTCTACTCCACTTCCACC
ATGGAGCAGCACCACTTCTCCCAGACTGTGTCCATCCTTCAGTTGGAAGGGCACAATATC
TTCTCCACTCTGAGCTCCAGTGAATATGAGCAGGTGCTTGAGATCATCCGCAAAGCCATC
ATTGCCACAGACCTTGCTTTATACTTTGGAAACAGGAAGCAGTTGGAAGAGATGTACCAG
ACCGGATCACTAAACCTTAATAATCAATCACATAGAGACCGTGTAATTGGTTTGATGATG
ACTGCCTGTGACCTTTGTTCTGTGACAAAACTGTGGCCCGTTACAAAATTGACGGCAAAT
GATATATATGCAGAATTCTGGGCTGAGGGTGATGAAATGAAGAAATTGGGAATACAGCCT
ATTCCTATGATGGACAGAGACAAGAAGGATGAAGTCCCCCAAGGCCAGCTTGGGTTCTAC
AATGCCGTGGCCATTCCCTGCTATACAACCCTTACCCAGATCCTCCCTCCCACGGAGCCT
CTTCTGAAAGCATGCAGGGATAATCTCAGTCAGTGGGAGAAGGTGATTCGAGGGGAGGAG
ACTGCAACCTGGATTTCATCCCCATCCGTGGCTCAGAAGGCAGCTGCATCTGAAGATTGA
Target 2 GenBank Gene ID
Target 2 GeneCard ID PDE10A Link Image
Target 2 GenAtlas ID PDE10A Link Image
Target 2 HGNC ID HGNC:8772 Link Image
Target 2 Chromosome Location 6
Target 2 Locus 6q26
Target 2 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 2 General References
  1. Fujishige K, Kotera J, Michibata H, Yuasa K, Takebayashi S, Okumura K, Omori K: Cloning and characterization of a novel human phosphodiesterase that hydrolyzes both cAMP and cGMP (PDE10A). J Biol Chem. 1999 Jun 25;274(26):18438-45. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Loughney K, Snyder PB, Uher L, Rosman GJ, Ferguson K, Florio VA: Isolation and characterization of PDE10A, a novel human 3', 5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase. Gene. 1999 Jun 24;234(1):109-17. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 2 Drug References
  1. Fujishige K, Kotera J, Michibata H, Yuasa K, Takebayashi S, Okumura K, Omori K: Cloning and characterization of a novel human phosphodiesterase that hydrolyzes both cAMP and cGMP (PDE10A). J Biol Chem. 1999 Jun 25;274(26):18438-45. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed Link Image]
Drug Target 3 [top]
Target 3 ID 1588
Target 3 Name Multidrug resistance protein 1
Target 3 Synonyms
  1. ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1
  2. CD243 antigen
  3. EC 3.6.3.44
  4. P-glycoprotein 1
Target 3 Gene Name ABCB1
Target 3 Protein Sequence >Multidrug resistance protein 1 
MDLEGDRNGGAKKKNFFKLNNKSEKDKKEKKPTVSVFSMFRYSNWLDKLYMVVGTLAAII
HGAGLPLMMLVFGEMTDIFANAGNLEDLMSNITNRSDINDTGFFMNLEEDMTRYAYYYSG
IGAGVLVAAYIQVSFWCLAAGRQIHKIRKQFFHAIMRQEIGWFDVHDVGELNTRLTDDVS
KINEGIGDKIGMFFQSMATFFTGFIVGFTRGWKLTLVILAISPVLGLSAAVWAKILSSFT
DKELLAYAKAGAVAEEVLAAIRTVIAFGGQKKELERYNKNLEEAKRIGIKKAITANISIG
AAFLLIYASYALAFWYGTTLVLSGEYSIGQVLTVFFSVLIGAFSVGQASPSIEAFANARG
AAYEIFKIIDNKPSIDSYSKSGHKPDNIKGNLEFRNVHFSYPSRKEVKILKGLNLKVQSG
QTVALVGNSGCGKSTTVQLMQRLYDPTEGMVSVDGQDIRTINVRFLREIIGVVSQEPVLF
ATTIAENIRYGRENVTMDEIEKAVKEANAYDFIMKLPHKFDTLVGERGAQLSGGQKQRIA
IARALVRNPKILLLDEATSALDTESEAVVQVALDKARKGRTTIVIAHRLSTVRNADVIAG
FDDGVIVEKGNHDELMKEKGIYFKLVTMQTAGNEVELENAADESKSEIDALEMSSNDSRS
SLIRKRSTRRSVRGSQAQDRKLSTKEALDESIPPVSFWRIMKLNLTEWPYFVVGVFCAII
NGGLQPAFAIIFSKIIGVFTRIDDPETKRQNSNLFSLLFLALGIISFITFFLQGFTFGKA
GEILTKRLRYMVFRSMLRQDVSWFDDPKNTTGALTTRLANDAAQVKGAIGSRLAVITQNI
ANLGTGIIISFIYGWQLTLLLLAIVPIIAIAGVVEMKMLSGQALKDKKELEGAGKIATEA
IENFRTVVSLTQEQKFEHMYAQSLQVPYRNSLRKAHIFGITFSFTQAMMYFSYAGCFRFG
AYLVAHKLMSFEDVLLVFSAVVFGAMAVGQVSSFAPDYAKAKISAAHIIMIIEKTPLIDS
YSTEGLMPNTLEGNVTFGEVVFNYPTRPDIPVLQGLSLEVKKGQTLALVGSSGCGKSTVV
QLLERFYDPLAGKVLLDGKEIKRLNVQWLRAHLGIVSQEPILFDCSIAENIAYGDNSRVV
SQEEIVRAAKEANIHAFIESLPNKYSTKVGDKGTQLSGGQKQRIAIARALVRQPHILLLD
EATSALDTESEKVVQEALDKAREGRTCIVIAHRLSTIQNADLIVVFQNGRVKEHGTHQQL
LAQKGIYFSMVSVQAGTKRQ
Target 3 Number of Residues 1301
Target 3 Molecular Weight 141464
Target 3 Theoretical pI 9.44
Target 3 GO Classification
Function
ATPase activity
hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides, catalyzing transmembrane movement of substances
ATPase activity, coupled to transmembrane movement of substances
purine nucleotide binding
adenyl nucleotide binding
ATP binding
catalytic activity
hydrolase activity
hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides
hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides, in phosphorus-containing anhydrides
pyrophosphatase activity
nucleoside-triphosphatase activity
binding
nucleotide binding
Process
physiological process
cellular physiological process
transport
Component
cell
membrane
intrinsic to membrane
integral to membrane
Target 3 General Function Defense mechanisms and drug export
Target 3 Specific Function Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells
Target 3 Pathways Not Available
Target 3 Reactions
  • ATP + H2O + xenobioticin = ADP + phosphate + xenobioticout
Target 3 Pfam Domain Function
Target 3 Signals
  • None
Target 3 Transmembrane Regions
  • 52-72
  • 120-140
  • 189-209
  • 216-236
  • 297-317
  • 326-346
  • 711-731
  • 757-777
  • 833-853
  • 854-874
  • 937-957
  • 974-994
Target 3 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 3 GenBank ID Protein 307180 Link Image
Target 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P08183 Link Image
Target 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name MDR1_HUMAN Link Image
Target 3 PDB ID Not Available
Target 3 Cellular Location
  • Membrane
  • multi-pass membrane protein
Target 3 Gene Sequence >3843 bp 
ATGGATCTTGAAGGGGACCGCAATGGAGGAGCAAAGAAGAAGAACTTTTTTAAACTGAAC
AATAAAAGTGAAAAAGATAAGAAGGAAAAGAAACCAACTGTCAGTGTATTTTCAATGTTT
CGCTATTCAAATTGGCTTGACAAGTTGTATATGGTGGTGGGAACTTTGGCTGCCATCATC
CATGGGGCTGGACTTCCTCTCATGATGCTGGTGTTTGGAGAAATGACAGATATCTTTGCA
AATGCAGGAAATTTAGAAGATCTGATGTCAAACATCACTAATAGAAGTGATATCAATGAT
ACAGGGTTCTTCATGAATCTGGAGGAAGACATGACCAGGTATGCCTATTATTACAGTGGA
ATTGGTGCTGGGGTGCTGGTTGCTGCTTACATTCAGGTTTCATTTTGGTGCCTGGCAGCT
GGAAGACAAATACACAAAATTAGAAAACAGTTTTTTCATGCTATAATGCGACAGGAGATA
GGCTGGTTTGATGTGCACGATGTTGGGGAGCTTAACACCCGACTTACAGATGATGTCTCT
AAGATTAATGAAGTTATTGGTGACAAAATTGGAATGTTCTTTCAGTCAATGGCAACATTT
TTCACTGGGTTTATAGTAGGATTTACACGTGGTTGGAAGCTAACCCTTGTGATTTTGGCC
ATCAGTCCTGTTCTTGGACTGTCAGCTGCTGTCTGGGCAAAGATACTATCTTCATTTACT
GATAAAGAACTCTTAGCGTATGCAAAAGCTGGAGCAGTAGCTGAAGAGGTCTTGGCAGCA
ATTAGAACTGTGATTGCATTTGGAGGACAAAAGAAAGAACTTGAAAGGTACAACAAAAAT
TTAGAAGAAGCTAAAAGAATTGGGATAAAGAAAGCTATTACAGCCAATATTTCTATAGGT
GCTGCTTTCCTGCTGATCTATGCATCTTATGCTCTGGCCTTCTGGTATGGGACCACCTTG
GTCCTCTCAGGGGAATATTCTATTGGACAAGTACTCACTGTATTCTTTTCTGTATTAATT
GGGGCTTTTAGTGTTGGACAGGCATCTCCAAGCATTGAAGCATTTGCAAATGCAAGAGGA
GCAGCTTATGAAATCTTCAAGATAATTGATAATAAGCCAAGTATTGACAGCTATTCGAAG
AGTGGGCACAAACCAGATAATATTAAGGGAAATTTGGAATTCAGAAATGTTCACTTCAGT
TACCCATCTCGAAAAGAAGTTAAGATCTTGAAGGGCCTGAACCTGAAGGTGCAGAGTGGG
CAGACGGTGGCCCTGGTTGGAAACAGTGGCTGTGGGAAGAGCACAACAGTCCAGCTGATG
CAGAGGCTCTATGACCCCACAGAGGGGATGGTCAGTGTTGATGGACAGGATATTAGGACC
ATAAATGTAAGGTTTCTACGGGAAATCATTGGTGTGGTGAGTCAGGAACCTGTATTGTTT
GCCACCACGATAGCTGAAAACATTCGCTATGGCCGTGAAAATGTCACCATGGATGAGATT
GAGAAAGCTGTCAAGGAAGCCAATGCCTATGACTTTATCATGAAACTGCCTCATAAATTT
GACACCCTGGTTGGAGAGAGAGGGGCCCAGTTGAGTGGTGGGCAGAAGCAGAGGATCGCC
ATTGCACGTGCCCTGGTTCGCAACCCCAAGATCCTCCTGCTGGATGAGGCCACGTCAGCC
TTGGACACAGAAAGCGAAGCAGTGGTTCAGGTGGCTCTGGATAAGGCCAGAAAAGGTCGG
ACCACCATTGTGATAGCTCATCGTTTGTCTACAGTTCGTAATGCTGACGTCATCGCTGGT
TTCGATGATGGAGTCATTGTGGAGAAAGGAAATCATGATGAACTCATGAAAGAGAAAGGC
ATTTACTTCAAACTTGTCACAATGCAGACAGCAGGAAATGAAGTTGAATTAGAAAATGCA
GCTGATGAATCCAAAAGTGAAATTGATGCCTTGGAAATGTCTTCAAATGATTCAAGATCC
AGTCTAATAAGAAAAAGATCAACTCGTAGGAGTGTCCGTGGATCACAAGCCCAAGACAGA
AAGCTTAGTACCAAAGAGGCTCTGGATGAAAGTATACCTCCAGTTTCCTTTTGGAGGATT
ATGAAGCTAAATTTAACTGAATGGCCTTATTTTGTTGTTGGTGTATTTTGTGCCATTATA
AATGGAGGCCTGCAACCAGCATTTGCAATAATATTTTCAAAGATTATAGGGGTTTTTACA
AGAATTGATGATCCTGAAACAAAACGACAGAATAGTAACTTGTTTTCACTATTGTTTCTA
GCCCTTGGAATTATTTCTTTTATTACATTTTTCCTTCAGGGTTTCACATTTGGCAAAGCT
GGAGAGATCCTCACCAAGCGGCTCCGATACATGGTTTTCCGATCCATGCTCAGACAGGAT
GTGAGTTGGTTTGATGACCCTAAAAACACCACTGGAGCATTGACTACCAGGCTCGCCAAT
GATGCTGCTCAAGTTAAAGGGGCTATAGGTTCCAGGCTTGCTGTAATTACCCAGAATATA
GCAAATCTTGGGACAGGAATAATTATATCCTTCATCTATGGTTGGCAACTAACACTGTTA
CTCTTAGCAATTGTACCCATCATTGCAATAGCAGGAGTTGTTGAAATGAAAATGTTGTCT
GGACAAGCACTGAAAGATAAGAAAGAACTAGAAGGTGCTGGGAAGATCGCTACTGAAGCA
ATAGAAAACTTCCGAACCGTTGTTTCTTTGACTCAGGAGCAGAAGTTTGAACATATGTAT
GCTCAGAGTTTGCAGGTACCATACAGAAACTCTTTGAGGAAAGCACACATCTTTGGAATT
ACATTTTCCTTCACCCAGGCAATGATGTATTTTTCCTATGCTGGATGTTTCCGGTTTGGA
GCCTACTTGGTGGCACATAAACTCATGAGCTTTGAGGATGTTCTGTTAGTATTTTCAGCT
GTTGTCTTTGGTGCCATGGCCGTGGGGCAAGTCAGTTCATTTGCTCCTGACTATGCCAAA
GCCAAAATATCAGCAGCCCACATCATCATGATCATTGAAAAAACCCCTTTGATTGACAGC
TACAGCACGGAAGGCCTAATGCCGAACACATTGGAAGGAAATGTCACATTTGGTGAAGTT
GTATTCAACTATCCCACCCGACCGGACATCCCAGTGCTTCAGGGACTGAGCCTGGAGGTG
AAGAAGGGCCAGACGCTGGCTCTGGTGGGCAGCAGTGGCTGTGGGAAGAGCACAGTGGTC
CAGCTCCTGGAGCGGTTCTACGACCCCTTGGCAGGGAAAGTGCTGCTTGATGGCAAAGAA
ATAAAGCGACTGAATGTTCAGTGGCTCCGAGCACACCTGGGCATCGTGTCCCAGGAGCCC
ATCCTGTTTGACTGCAGCATTGCTGAGAACATTGCCTATGGAGACAACAGCCGGGTGGTG
TCACAGGAAGAGATCGTGAGGGCAGCAAAGGAGGCCAACATACATGCCTTCATCGAGTCA
CTGCCTAATAAATATAGCACTAAAGTAGGAGACAAAGGAACTCAGCTCTCTGGTGGCCAG
AAACAACGCATTGCCATAGCTCGTGCCCTTGTTAGACAGCCTCATATTTTGCTTTTGGAT
GAAGCCACGTCAGCTCTGGATACAGAAAGTGAAAAGGTTGTCCAAGAAGCCCTGGACAAA
GCCAGAGAAGGCCGCACCTGCATTGTGATTGCTCACCGCCTGTCCACCATCCAGAATGCA
GACTTAATAGTGGTGTTTCAGAATGGCAGAGTCAAGGAGCATGGCACGCATCAGCAGCTG
CTGGCACAGAAAGGCATCTATTTTTCAATGGTCAGTGTCCAGGCTGGAACAAAGCGCCAG
TGA
Target 3 GenBank Gene ID
Target 3 GeneCard ID ABCB1 Link Image
Target 3 GenAtlas ID ABCB1 Link Image
Target 3 HGNC ID HGNC:40 Link Image
Target 3 Chromosome Location 7
Target 3 Locus 7q21.1
Target 3 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 3 General References
  1. Hoffmeyer S, Burk O, von Richter O, Arnold HP, Brockmoller J, Johne A, Cascorbi I, Gerloff T, Roots I, Eichelbaum M, Brinkmann U: Functional polymorphisms of the human multidrug-resistance gene: multiple sequence variations and correlation of one allele with P-glycoprotein expression and activity in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Mar 28;97(7):3473-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Decleves X, Chevillard S, Charpentier C, Vielh P, Laplanche JL: A new polymorphism (N21D) in the exon 2 of the human MDR1 gene encoding the P-glycoprotein. Hum Mutat. 2000 May;15(5):486. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Cascorbi I, Gerloff T, Johne A, Meisel C, Hoffmeyer S, Schwab M, Schaeffeler E, Eichelbaum M, Brinkmann U, Roots I: Frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the P-glycoprotein drug transporter MDR1 gene in white subjects. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2001 Mar;69(3):169-74. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Kerb R, Hoffmeyer S, Brinkmann U: ABC drug transporters: hereditary polymorphisms and pharmacological impact in MDR1, MRP1 and MRP2. Pharmacogenomics. 2001 Feb;2(1):51-64. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Saito S, Iida A, Sekine A, Miura Y, Ogawa C, Kawauchi S, Higuchi S, Nakamura Y: Three hundred twenty-six genetic variations in genes encoding nine members of ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (ABCB/MDR/TAP), in the Japanese population. J Hum Genet. 2002;47(1):38-50. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Hillier LW, Fulton RS, Fulton LA, Graves TA, Pepin KH, Wagner-McPherson C, Layman D, Maas J, Jaeger S, Walker R, Wylie K, Sekhon M, Becker MC, O'Laughlin MD, Schaller ME, Fewell GA, Delehaunty KD, Miner TL, Nash WE, Cordes M, Du H, Sun H, Edwards J, Bradshaw-Cordum H, Ali J, Andrews S, Isak A, Vanbrunt A, Nguyen C, Du F, Lamar B, Courtney L, Kalicki J, Ozersky P, Bielicki L, Scott K, Holmes A, Harkins R, Harris A, Strong CM, Hou S, Tomlinson C, Dauphin-Kohlberg S, Kozlowicz-Reilly A, Leonard S, Rohlfing T, Rock SM, Tin-Wollam AM, Abbott A, Minx P, Maupin R, Strowmatt C, Latreille P, Miller N, Johnson D, Murray J, Woessner JP, Wendl MC, Yang SP, Schultz BR, Wallis JW, Spieth J, Bieri TA, Nelson JO, Berkowicz N, Wohldmann PE, Cook LL, Hickenbotham MT, Eldred J, Williams D, Bedell JA, Mardis ER, Clifton SW, Chissoe SL, Marra MA, Raymond C, Haugen E, Gillett W, Zhou Y, James R, Phelps K, Iadanoto S, Bubb K, Simms E, Levy R, Clendenning J, Kaul R, Kent WJ, Furey TS, Baertsch RA, Brent MR, Keibler E, Flicek P, Bork P, Suyama M, Bailey JA, Portnoy ME, Torrents D, Chinwalla AT, Gish WR, Eddy SR, McPherson JD, Olson MV, Eichler EE, Green ED, Waterston RH, Wilson RK: The DNA sequence of human chromosome 7. Nature. 2003 Jul 10;424(6945):157-64. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Chen CJ, Clark D, Ueda K, Pastan I, Gottesman MM, Roninson IB: Genomic organization of the human multidrug resistance (MDR1) gene and origin of P-glycoproteins. J Biol Chem. 1990 Jan 5;265(1):506-14. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Gekeler V, Weger S, Probst H: mdr1/P-glycoprotein gene segments analyzed from various human leukemic cell lines exhibiting different multidrug resistance profiles. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1990 Jun 15;169(2):796-802. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Kioka N, Tsubota J, Kakehi Y, Komano T, Gottesman MM, Pastan I, Ueda K: P-glycoprotein gene (MDR1) cDNA from human adrenal: normal P-glycoprotein carries Gly185 with an altered pattern of multidrug resistance. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1989 Jul 14;162(1):224-31. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Chen CJ, Chin JE, Ueda K, Clark DP, Pastan I, Gottesman MM, Roninson IB: Internal duplication and homology with bacterial transport proteins in the mdr1 (P-glycoprotein) gene from multidrug-resistant human cells. Cell. 1986 Nov 7;47(3):381-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. 2897240 Choi KH, Chen CJ, Kriegler M, Roninson IB: An altered pattern of cross-resistance in multidrug-resistant human cells results from spontaneous mutations in the mdr1 (P-glycoprotein) gene. Cell. 1988 May 20;53(4):519-29.
  12. 9038218 Chen G, Duran GE, Steger KA, Lacayo NJ, Jaffrezou JP, Dumontet C, Sikic BI: Multidrug-resistant human sarcoma cells with a mutant P-glycoprotein, altered phenotype, and resistance to cyclosporins. J Biol Chem. 1997 Feb 28;272(9):5974-82.
  13. 9473242 Mickley LA, Lee JS, Weng Z, Zhan Z, Alvarez M, Wilson W, Bates SE, Fojo T: Genetic polymorphism in MDR-1: a tool for examining allelic expression in normal cells, unselected and drug-selected cell lines, and human tumors. Blood. 1998 Mar 1;91(5):1749-56.
Target 3 Drug References
  1. Verstuyft C, Strabach S, El-Morabet H, Kerb R, Brinkmann U, Dubert L, Jaillon P, Funck-Brentano C, Trugnan G, Becquemont L: Dipyridamole enhances digoxin bioavailability via P-glycoprotein inhibition. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2003 Jan;73(1):51-60. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Roucairol C, Azoulay S, Nevers MC, Creminon C, Lavrut T, Garraffo R, Grassi J, Burger A, Duval D: Quantitative immunoassay to measure plasma and intracellular atazanavir levels: analysis of drug accumulation in cultured T cells. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007 Feb;51(2):405-11. Epub 2006 Nov 20. [PubMed Link Image]
Drug Target 4 [top]
Target 4 ID 1971
Target 4 Name cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4A
Target 4 Synonyms
  1. DPDE2
  2. EC 3.1.4.17
  3. PDE46
Target 4 Gene Name PDE4A
Target 4 Protein Sequence >cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4A 
MEPPTVPSERSLSLSLPGPREGQATLKPPPQHLWRQPRTPIRIQQRGYSDSAERAERERQ
PHRPIERADAMDTSDRPGLRTTRMSWPSSFHGTGTGSGGAGGGSSRRFEAENGPTPSPGR
SPLDSQASPGLVLHAGAATSQRRESFLYRSDSDYDMSPKTMSRNSSVTSEAHAEDLIVTP
FAQVLASLRSVRSNFSLLTNVPVPSNKRSPLGGPTPVCKATLSEETCQQLARETLEELDW
CLEQLETMQTYRSVSEMASHKFKRMLNRELTHLSEMSRSGNQVSEYISTTFLDKQNEVEI
PSPTMKEREKQQAPRPRPSQPPPPPVPHLQPMSQITGLKKLMHSNSLNNSNIPRFGVKTD
QEELLAQELENLNKWGLNIFCVSDYAGGRSLTCIMYMIFQERDLLKKFRIPVDTMVTYML
TLEDHYHADVAYHNSLHAADVLQSTHVLLATPALDAVFTDLEILAALFAAAIHDVDHPGV
SNQFLINTNSELALMYNDESVLENHHLAVGFKLLQEDNCDIFQNLSKRQRQSLRKMVIDM
VLATDMSKHMTLLADLKTMVETKKVTSSGVLLLDNYSDRIQVLRNMVHCADLSNPTKPLE
LYRQWTDRIMAEFFQQGDRERERGMEISPMCDKHTASVEKSQVGFIDYIVHPLWETWADL
VHPDAQEILDTLEDNRDWYYSAIRQSPSPPPEEESRGPGHPPLPDKFQFELTLEEEEEEE
ISMAQIPCTAQEALTAQGLSGVEEALDATIAWEASPAQESLEVMAQEASLEAELEAVYLT
QQAQSTGSAPVAPDEFSSREEFVVAVSHSSPSALALQSPLLPAWRTLSVSEHAPGLPGLP
STAAEVEAQREHQAAKRACSACAGTFGEDTSALPAPGGGGSGGDPT
Target 4 Number of Residues 900
Target 4 Molecular Weight 98144
Target 4 Theoretical pI 4.87
Target 4 GO Classification
Function
hydrolase activity
hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds
phosphoric ester hydrolase activity
phosphoric diester hydrolase activity
cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
catalytic activity
Process
cellular process
cell communication
signal transduction
Component
Not Available
Target 4 General Function Involved in cAMP phosphodiesterase activity
Target 4 Specific Function Adenosine 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H(2)O = adenosine 5'-phosphate
Target 4 Pathways
Name SMPDB Link KEGG Link
Purine metabolism SMP00050 Link Image map00230 Link Image
Target 4 Reactions
  • nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleoside 5'-phosphate
Target 4 Pfam Domain Function
Target 4 Signals
  • None
Target 4 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Target 4 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 4 GenBank ID Protein 347120 Link Image
Target 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P27815 Link Image
Target 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PDE4A_HUMAN Link Image
Target 4 PDB ID Not Available
Target 4 Cellular Location
  • Isoform 4:Membrane
  • peripheral membrane protein. Note=Isoform 4 has propensity for association with
Target 4 Gene Sequence >2661 bp 
ATGGAACCCCCGACCGTCCCCTCGGAAAGGAGCCTGTCTCTGTCACTGCCCGGGCCCCGG
GAGGGCCAGGCCACCCTGAAGCCTCCCCCGCAGCACCTGTGGCGGCAGCCTCGGACCCCC
ATCCGTATCCAGCAGCGCGGCTACTCCGACAGCGCGGAGCGCGCCGAGCGGGAGCGGCAG
CCGCACCGGCCCATAGAGCGCGCCGATGCCATGGACACCAGCGACCGGCCCGGCCTGCGC
ACGACCCGCATGTCCTGGCCCTCGTCCTTCCATGGCACTGGCACCGGCAGCGGCGGCGCG
GGCGGAGGCAGCAGCAGGCGCTTCGAGGCAGAGAATGGGCCGACACCATCTCCTGGCCGC
AGCCCCCTGGACTCGCAGGCGAGCCCAGGACTCGTGCTGCACGCCGGGGCGGCCACCAGC
CAGCGCCGGGAGTCCTTCCTGTACCGCTCAGACAGCGACTATGACATGTCACCCAAGACC
ATGTCCCGGAACTCATCGGTCACCAGCGAGGCGCACGCTGAAGACCTCATCGTAACACCA
TTTGCTCAGGTGCTGGCCAGCCTCCGGAGCGTCCGTAGCAACTTCTCACTCCTGACCAAT
GTGCCCGTTCCCAGTAACAAGCGGTCCCCGCTGGGCGGCCCCACCCCTGTCTGCAAGGCC
ACGCTGTCAGAAGAAACGTGTCAGCAGTTGGCCCGGGAGACTCTGGAGGAGCTGGACTGG
TGTCTGGAGCAGCTGGAGACCATGCAGACCTATCGCTCTGTCAGCGAGATGGCCTCGCAC
AAGTTCAAAAGGATGTTGAACCGTGAGCTCACACACCTGTCAGAAATGAGCAGGTCCGGA
AACCAGGTCTCAGAGTACATTTCCACAACATTCCTGGACAAACAGAATGAAGTGGAGATC
CCATCACCCACGATGAAGGAACGAGAAAAACAGCAAGCGCCGCGACCAAGACCCTCCCAG
CCGCCCCCGCCCCCTGTACCACACTTACAGCCCATGTCCCAAATCACAGGGTTGAAAAAG
TTGATGCATAGTAACAGCCTGAACAACTCTAACATTCCCCGATTTGGGGTGAAGACCGAT
CAAGAAGAGCTCCTGGCCCAAGAACTGGAGAACCTGAACAAGTGGGGCCTGAACATCTTT
TGCGTGTCGGATTACGCTGGAGGCCGCTCACTCACCTGCATCATGTACATGATATTCCAG
GAGCGGGACCTGCTGAAGAAATTCCGCATCCCGGTGGACACGATGGTGACATACATGCTG
ACGCTGGAGGATCACTACCACGCTGACGTGGCCTACCATAACAGCCTGCACGCAGCTGAC
GTGCTGCAGTCCACCCACGTACTGCTGGCCACGCCTGCACTAGATGCAGTGTTCACGGAC
CTGGAGATTCTCGCCGCCCTCTTCGCGGCTGCCATCCACGATGTGGATCACCCTGGGGTC
TCCAACCAGTTCCTCATCAACACCAATTCGGAGCTGGCGCTCATGTACAACGATGAGTCG
GTGCTCGAGAATCACCACCTGGCCGTGGGCTTCAAGCTGCTGCAGGAGGACAACTGCGAC
ATCTTCCAGAACCTCAGCAAGCGCCAGCGGCAGAGCCTACGCAAGATGGTCATCGACATG
GTGCTGGCCACGGACATGTCCAAGCACATGACCCTCCTGGCTGACCTGAAGACCATGGTG
GAGACCAAGAAAGTGACCAGCTCAGGGGTCCTCCTGCTAGATAACTACTCCGACCGCATC
CAGGTCCTCCGGAACATGGTGCACTGTGCCGACCTCAGCAACCCCACCAAGCCGCTGGAG
CTGTACCGCCAGTGGACAGACCGCATCATGGCCGAGTTCTTCCAGCAGGGTGACCGAGAG
CGCGAGCGTGGCATGGAAATCAGCCCCATGTGTGACAAGCACACTGCCTCCGTGGAGAAG
TCTCAGGTGGGTTTTATTGACTACATTGTGCACCCATTGTGGGAGACCTGGGCGGACCTT
GTCCACCCAGATGCCCAGGAGATCTTGGACACTTTGGAGGACAACCGGGACTGGTACTAC
AGCGCCATCCGGCAGAGCCCATCTCCGCCACCCGAGGAGGAGTCAAGGGGGCCAGGCCAC
CCACCCCTGCCTGACAAGTTCCAGTTTGAGCTGACGCTGGAGGAGGAAGAGGAGGAAGAA
ATATCAATGGCCCAGATACCGTGCACAGCCCAAGAGGCATTGACTGCGCAGGGATTGTCA
GGAGTCGAGGAAGCTCTGGATGCAACCATAGCCTGGGAGGCATCCCCGGCCCAGGAGTCG
TTGGAAGTTATGGCACAGGAAGCATCCCTGGAGGCCGAGCTGGAGGCAGTGTATTTGACA
CAGCAGGCACAGTCCACAGGCAGTGCACCTGTGGCTCCGGATGAGTTCTCGTCCCGGGAG
GAATTCGTGGTTGCTGTAAGCCACAGCAGCCCCTCTGCCCTGGCTCTTCAAAGCCCCCTT
CTCCCTGCTTGGAGGACCCTGTCTGTTTCAGAGCATGCCCCGGGCCTCCCGGGCCTCCCC
TCCACGGCGGCCGAGGTGGAGGCCCAACGAGAGCACCAGGCTGCCAAGAGGGCTTGCAGT
GCCTGCGCAGGGACATTTGGGGAGGACACATCCGCACTCCCAGCTCCTGGTGGCGGGGGG
TCAGGTGGAGACCCTACCTGA
Target 4 GenBank Gene ID
Target 4 GeneCard ID PDE4A Link Image
Target 4 GenAtlas ID PDE4A Link Image
Target 4 HGNC ID HGNC:8780 Link Image
Target 4 Chromosome Location 19
Target 4 Locus 19p13.2
Target 4 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 4 General References
  1. Livi GP, Kmetz P, McHale MM, Cieslinski LB, Sathe GM, Taylor DP, Davis RL, Torphy TJ, Balcarek JM: Cloning and expression of cDNA for a human low-Km, rolipram-sensitive cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase. Mol Cell Biol. 1990 Jun;10(6):2678-86. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Horton YM, Sullivan M, Houslay MD: Molecular cloning of a novel splice variant of human type IVA (PDE-IVA) cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase and localization of the gene to the p13.2-q12 region of human chromosome 19 [corrected] Biochem J. 1995 Jun 1;308 ( Pt 2):683-91. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Sullivan M, Egerton M, Shakur Y, Marquardsen A, Houslay MD: Molecular cloning and expression, in both COS-1 cells and S. cerevisiae, of a human cytosolic type-IVA, cyclic AMP specific phosphodiesterase (hPDE-IVA-h6.1). Cell Signal. 1994 Sep;6(7):793-812. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Bolger G, Michaeli T, Martins T, St John T, Steiner B, Rodgers L, Riggs M, Wigler M, Ferguson K: A family of human phosphodiesterases homologous to the dunce learning and memory gene product of Drosophila melanogaster are potential targets for antidepressant drugs. Mol Cell Biol. 1993 Oct;13(10):6558-71. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Sullivan M, Rena G, Begg F, Gordon L, Olsen AS, Houslay MD: Identification and characterization of the human homologue of the short PDE4A cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase RD1 (PDE4A1) by analysis of the human HSPDE4A gene locus located at chromosome 19p13.2. Biochem J. 1998 Aug 1;333 ( Pt 3):693-703. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 4 Drug References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed Link Image]
Drug Target 5 [top]
Target 5 ID 3957
Target 5 Name Adenosine deaminase
Target 5 Synonyms
  1. Adenosine aminohydrolase
  2. EC 3.5.4.4
Target 5 Gene Name ADA
Target 5 Protein Sequence >Adenosine deaminase 
MAQTPAFDKPKVELHVHLDGSIKPETILYYGRRRGIALPANTAEGLLNVIGMDKPLTLPD
FLAKFDYYMPAIAGCREAIKRIAYEFVEMKAKEGVVYVEVRYSPHLLANSKVEPIPWNQA
EGDLTPDEVVALVGQGLQEGERDFGVKARSILCCMRHQPNWSPKVVELCKKYQQQTVVAI
DLAGDETIPGSSLLPGHVQAYQEAVKSGIHRTVHAGEVGSAEVVKEAVDILKTERLGHGY
HTLEDQALYNRLRQENMHFEICPWSSYLTGAWKPDTEHAVIRLKNDQANYSLNTDDPLIF
KSTLDTDYQMTKRDMGFTEEEFKRLNINAAKSSFLPEDEKRELLDLLYKAYGMPPSASAG
QNL
Target 5 Number of Residues 369
Target 5 Molecular Weight 40765
Target 5 Theoretical pI 5.80
Target 5 GO Classification
Function
hydrolase activity
hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds
hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds, in cyclic amidines
adenosine deaminase activity
catalytic activity
deaminase activity
Process
physiological process
metabolism
cellular metabolism
nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism
nucleotide metabolism
purine nucleotide metabolism
purine nucleotide biosynthesis
purine nucleoside monophosphate biosynthesis
purine ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthesis
Component
Not Available
Target 5 General Function Replication, recombination and repair
Target 5 Specific Function Adenosine + H(2)O = inosine + NH(3)
Target 5 Pathways
Name SMPDB Link KEGG Link
Purine metabolism SMP00050 Link Image map00230 Link Image
Target 5 Reactions
  • adenosine + H2O = inosine + NH3
Target 5 Pfam Domain Function
Target 5 Signals
  • None
Target 5 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Target 5 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 5 GenBank ID Protein 28380 Link Image
Target 5 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P00813 Link Image
Target 5 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name ADA_HUMAN Link Image
Target 5 PDB ID Not Available
Target 5 Cellular Location
  • Cytoplasmic
Target 5 Gene Sequence >1092 bp 
ATGGCCCAGACGCCCGCCTTCGACAAGCCCAAAGTAGAACTGCATGTCCACCTAGACGGA
TCCATCAAGCCTGAAACCATCTTATACTATGGCAGGAGGAGAGGGATCGCCCTCCCAGCT
AACACAGCAGAGGGGCTGCTGAACGTCATTGGCATGGACAAGCCGCTCACCCTTCCAGAC
TTCCTGGCCAAGTTTGACTACTACATGCCTGCTATCGCGGGCTGCCGGGAGGCTATCAAA
AGGATCGCCTATGAGTTTGTAGAGATGAAGGCCAAAGAGGGCGTGGTGTATGTGGAGGTG
CGGTACAGTCCGCACCTGCTGGCCAACTCCAAAGTGGAGCCAATCCCCTGGAACCAGGCT
GAAGGGGACCTCACCCCAGACGAGGTGGTGGCCCTAGTGGGCCAGGGCCTGCAGGAGGGG
GAGCGAGACTTCGGGGTCAAGGCCCGGTCCATCCTGTGCTGCATGCGCCACCAGCCCAAC
TGGTCCCCCAAGGTGGTGGAGCTGTGTAAGAAGTACCAGCAGCAGACCGTGGTGGCCATT
GACCTGGCTGGAGATGAGACCATCCCAGGAAGCAGCCTCTTGCCTGGACATGTCCAGGCC
TACCAGGAGGCTGTGAAGAGCGGCATTCACCGTACTGTCCACGCCGGGGAGGTGGGCTCG
GCCGAAGTAGTAAAAGAGGCTGTGGACATACTCAAGACAGAGCGGCTGGGACACGGCTAC
CACACCCTGGAAGACCAGGCCCTTTATAACAGGCTGCGGCAGGAAAACATGCACTTCGAG
ATCTGCCCCTGGTCCAGCTACCTCACTGGTGCCTGGAAGCCGGACACGGAGCATGCAGTC
ATTCGGCTCAAAAATGACCAGGCTAACTACTCGCTCAACACAGATGACCCGCTCATCTTC
AAGTCCACCCTGGACACTGATTACCAGATGACCAAACGGGACATGGGCTTTACTGAAGAG
GAGTTTAAAAGGCTGAACATCAATGCGGCCAAATCTAGTTTCCTCCCAGAAGATGAAAAG
AGGGAGCTTCTCGACCTGCTCTATAAAGCCTATGGGATGCCACCTTCAGCCTCTGCAGGG
CAGAACCTCTGA
Target 5 GenBank Gene ID
Target 5 GeneCard ID ADA Link Image
Target 5 GenAtlas ID ADA Link Image
Target 5 HGNC ID HGNC:186 Link Image
Target 5 Chromosome Location 20
Target 5 Locus 20q12-q13.11
Target 5 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 5 General References
  1. Deloukas P, Matthews LH, Ashurst J, Burton J, Gilbert JG, Jones M, Stavrides G, Almeida JP, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Barlow KF, Bates KN, Beard LM, Beare DM, Beasley OP, Bird CP, Blakey SE, Bridgeman AM, Brown AJ, Buck D, Burrill W, Butler AP, Carder C, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Clamp M, Clark G, Clark LN, Clark SY, Clee CM, Clegg S, Cobley VE, Collier RE, Connor R, Corby NR, Coulson A, Coville GJ, Deadman R, Dhami P, Dunn M, Ellington AG, Frankland JA, Fraser A, French L, Garner P, Grafham DV, Griffiths C, Griffiths MN, Gwilliam R, Hall RE, Hammond S, Harley JL, Heath PD, Ho S, Holden JL, Howden PJ, Huckle E, Hunt AR, Hunt SE, Jekosch K, Johnson CM, Johnson D, Kay MP, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights A, Laird GK, Lawlor S, Lehvaslaiho MH, Leversha M, Lloyd C, Lloyd DM, Lovell JD, Marsh VL, Martin SL, McConnachie LJ, McLay K, McMurray AA, Milne S, Mistry D, Moore MJ, Mullikin JC, Nickerson T, Oliver K, Parker A, Patel R, Pearce TA, Peck AI, Phillimore BJ, Prathalingam SR, Plumb RW, Ramsay H, Rice CM, Ross MT, Scott CE, Sehra HK, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Skuce CD, Smith ML, Soderlund C, Steward CA, Sulston JE, Swann M, Sycamore N, Taylor R, Tee L, Thomas DW, Thorpe A, Tracey A, Tromans AC, Vaudin M, Wall M, Wallis JM, Whitehead SL, Whittaker P, Willey DL, Williams L, Williams SA, Wilming L, Wray PW, Hubbard T, Durbin RM, Bentley DR, Beck S, Rogers J: The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20. Nature. 2001 Dec 20-27;414(6866):865-71. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Wiginton DA, Kaplan DJ, States JC, Akeson AL, Perme CM, Bilyk IJ, Vaughn AJ, Lattier DL, Hutton JJ: Complete sequence and structure of the gene for human adenosine deaminase. Biochemistry. 1986 Dec 16;25(25):8234-44. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Valerio D, Duyvesteyn MG, Dekker BM, Weeda G, Berkvens TM, van der Voorn L, van Ormondt H, van der Eb AJ: Adenosine deaminase: characterization and expression of a gene with a remarkable promoter. EMBO J. 1985 Feb;4(2):437-43. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Daddona PE, Shewach DS, Kelley WN, Argos P, Markham AF, Orkin SH: Human adenosine deaminase. cDNA and complete primary amino acid sequence. J Biol Chem. 1984 Oct 10;259(19):12101-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Wiginton DA, Adrian GS, Hutton JJ: Sequence of human adenosine deaminase cDNA including the coding region and a small intron. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Mar 12;12(5):2439-46. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Orkin SH, Daddona PE, Shewach DS, Markham AF, Bruns GA, Goff SC, Kelley WN: Molecular cloning of human adenosine deaminase gene sequences. J Biol Chem. 1983 Nov 10;258(21):12753-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Hirschhorn R, Yang DR, Israni A: An Asp8Asn substitution results in the adenosine deaminase (ADA) genetic polymorphism (ADA 2 allozyme): occurrence on different chromosomal backgrounds and apparent intragenic crossover. Ann Hum Genet. 1994 Jan;58(Pt 1):1-9. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 5 Drug References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed Link Image]

This project is supported by Genome Alberta & Genome Canada, a not-for-profit organization that is leading Canada's national genomics strategy with $600 million in funding from the federal government. This project is also supported in part by GenomeQuest, Inc., an enterprise genomic information company serving the life science community.