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Version 2.5
Creation Date 2005-06-13 13:24:05
Update Date 2009-06-23 18:07:21
Primary Accession Number DB00960
Secondary Accession Number
  • APRD00678
Name Pindolol
Drug Type
  • Approved
  • Small Molecule
Description A moderately lipophilic beta blocker (adrenergic beta-antagonists). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p638)
Synonyms
  1. Betapindol
  2. Prinodolol
Brand Names
  1. Blockin L
  2. Blocklin L
  3. Calvisken
  4. Cardilate
  5. Decreten
  6. Durapindol
  7. Glauco-Visken
  8. Pectobloc
  9. Pinbetol
  10. Pynastin
  11. Visken
Brand Mixtures
  1. Viskazide 10/25tab (Hydrochlorothiazide + Pindolol)
  2. Viskazide 10/50tab (Hydrochlorothiazide + Pindolol)
Chemical IUPAC Name 1-(1H-indol-4-yloxy)-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol
Chemical Formula C14H20N2O2
Chemical Structure Structure
CAS Registry Number 13523-86-9
InChI Identifier InChI=1/C14H20N2O2/c1-10(2)16-8-11(17)9-18-14-5-3-4-13-12(14)6-7-15-13/h3-7,10-11,15-17H,8-9H2,1-2H3
InChI Key JZQKKSLKJUAGIC-UHFFFAOYAP
KEGG Drug D00513 Link Image
KEGG Compound C07445 Link Image
PubChem Compound 4828 Link Image
PubChem Substance 168830 Link Image
ChEBI ID Not Available
PharmGKB ID PA450966 Link Image
HET ID Not Available
GenBank ID Not Available
Drug ID Number [DIN] 00828424 Link Image
RxList Link http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic3/pindolol.htm Link Image
PDRhealth Link http://www.pdrhealth.com/drug_info/rxdrugprofiles/drugs/pin1611.shtml Link Image
Wikipedia Link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindolol Link Image
FDA Label Not Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
Synthesis Reference Not Available
Average Molecular Weight 248.3208
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 248.1525
State Solid
Melting Point 167-171 oC
Experimental Water Solubility 7880 mg/L Source: PhysProp
Predicted Water Solubility 8.61e-01 mg/mL Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity 1.9 Source: PhysProp
Predicted LogP 2.17 Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental LogS Not Available
Predicted LogS -2.46 Calculated using ALOGPS
Experimental Caco2 Permeability -4.78 [ADME Research, USCD]
pKa/Isoelectric Point Not Available
Mass Spectrum Not Available
MOL File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
SDF File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
PDB File Show Link Image | Download Link Image
2D Structure
3D Structure
Experimental PDB ID Not Available
Isomeric SMILES CC(C)NC[C@@H](O)COC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2
Canonical SMILES CC(C)NCC(O)COC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2
Drug Category
  • Adrenergic beta-Antagonists
  • Antihypertensive Agents
  • Serotonin Antagonists
  • Vasodilator Agents
ATC Codes
AHFS Codes
  • 24:24.00
Indication For the management of hypertension, edema, ventricular tachycardias, and atrial fibrillation.
Pharmacology Pindolol is a non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist (beta-blocker) which possesses intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) in therapeutic dosage ranges but does not possess quinidine-like membrane stabilizing activity. Pindolol impairs AV node conduction and decreases sinus rate and may also increase plasma triglycerides and decrease HDL-cholesterol levels. Pindolol is nonpolar and hydrophobic, with low to moderate lipid solubility. Pindolol has little to no intrinsic sympathomimetic activity and, unlike some other beta-adrenergic blocking agents, pindolol has little direct myocardial depressant activity and does not have an anesthetic-like membrane-stabilizing action.
Mechanism of Action Pindolol non-selectively blocks beta-1 adrenergic receptors mainly in the heart, inhibiting the effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine resulting in a decrease in heart rate and blood pressure. By binding beta-2 receptors in the juxtaglomerular apparatus, Pindolol inhibits the production of renin, thereby inhibiting angiotensin II and aldosterone production and therefore inhibits the vasoconstriction and water retention due to angiotensin II and aldosterone, respectively.
Absorption Rapidly and reproducibly absorbed (bioavailability greater than 95%).
Toxicity LD50=263 mg/kg (orally in rats). Signs of overdose include excessive bradycardia, cardiac failure, hypotension, and bronchospasm.
Protein Binding 40%
Biotransformation Hepatic. In man, 35% to 40% is excreted unchanged in the urine and 60% to 65% is metabolized primarily to hydroxy-metabolites which are excreted as glucuronides and ethereal sulfates.
Half Life 3 to 4 hours
Dosage Forms
Form Route
Tablet Oral
Patient Information Show Link Image
Contraindications Show Link Image
Interactions Show Link Image
Drug Interactions
Drug Interaction
Acetohexamide The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemia
Aminophylline Antagonism of action and increased effect of theophylline
Chlorpromazine Increased effect of both drugs
Chlorpropamide The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemia
Clonidine Increased hypertension when clonidine stopped
Dihydroergotamine Ischemia with risk of gangrene
Dihydroergotoxine Ischemia with risk of gangrene
Diltiazem Increased risk of bradycardia
Disopyramide The beta-blocker increases toxicity of disopyramide
Dyphylline Antagonism of action and increased effect of theophylline
Epinephrine Hypertension, then bradycardia
Ergonovine Ischemia with risk of gangrene
Ergotamine Ischemia with risk of gangrene
Fenoterol Antagonism
Formoterol Antagonism
Glibenclamide The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemia
Gliclazide The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemia
Glipizide The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemia
Glisoxepide The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemia
Glycodiazine The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemia
Ibuprofen Risk of inhibition of renal prostaglandins
Indomethacin Risk of inhibition of renal prostaglandins
Insulin The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemia
Isoproterenol Antagonism
Lidocaine The beta-blocker increases the effect and toxicity of lidocaine
Mesoridazine Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias
Methyldopa Possible hypertensive crisis
Methysergide Ischemia with risk of gangrene
Orciprenaline Antagonism
Oxtriphylline Antagonism of action and increased effect of theophylline
Pirbuterol Antagonism
Piroxicam Risk of inhibition of renal prostaglandins
Prazosin Risk of hypotension at the beginning of therapy
Procaterol Antagonism
Repaglinide The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemia
Salbutamol Antagonism
Salmeterol Antagonism
Terbutaline Antagonism
Theophylline Antagonism of action and increased effect of theophylline
Thioridazine Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias
Tolazamide The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemia
Tolbutamide The beta-blocker decreases the symptoms of hypoglycemia
Verapamil Increased effect of both drugs
Food Interactions
  • Magnesium, potassium and zinc needs increased.
  • Take without regard to meals. Avoid alcohol.
Pathways
Name SMPDB Link KEGG Link
Pindolol Pathway SMP00306 Link Image
General References
  1. Drugs.com Link Image
  2. Wikipedia Link Image
  3. RxList Link Image
  4. PDRhealth Link Image
Organisms Affected
  • Humans and other mammals
Phase 1 Metabolizing Enzymes
  1. Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)
Targets
  1. Beta-1 adrenergic receptor
  2. 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptor
  3. Beta-2 adrenergic receptor
  4. 5-hydroxytryptamine 1B receptor
  5. Beta-3 adrenergic receptor
Phase 1 Metabolizing Enzyme 1 [top]
Enzyme 1 Name Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)
Enzyme 1 Gene Name CYP2D6
Enzyme 1 SwissProt ID P10635 Link Image
Enzyme 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 1 Protein Sequence >sp|P10635|CP2D6_HUMAN Cytochrome P450 2D6 (EC 1.14.14.1) 
MGLEALVPLAVIVAIFLLLVDLMHRRQRWAARYPPGPLPLPGLGNLLHVDFQNTPYCFDQ
LRRRFGDVFSLQLAWTPVVVLNGLAAVREALVTHGEDTADRPPVPITQILGFGPRSQGVF
LARYGPAWREQRRFSVSTLRNLGLGKKSLEQWVTEEAACLCAAFANHSGRPFRPNGLLDK
AVSNVIASLTCGRRFEYDDPRFLRLLDLAQEGLKEESGFLREVLNAVPVLLHIPALAGKV
LRFQKAFLTQLDELLTEHRMTWDPAQPPRDLTEAFLAEMEKAKGNPESSFNDENLRIVVA
DLFSAGMVTTSTTLAWGLLLMILHPDVQRRVQQEIDDVIGQVRRPEMGDQAHMPYTTAVI
HEVQRFGDIVPLGMTHMTSRDIEVQGFRIPKGTTLITNLSSVLKDEAVWEKPFRFHPEHF
LDAQGHFVKPEAFLPFSAGRRACLGEPLARMELFLFFTSLLQHFSFSVPTGQPRPSHHGV
FAFLVSPSPYELCAVPR
Drug Target 1 [top]
Target 1 ID 193
Target 1 Name Beta-1 adrenergic receptor
Target 1 Synonyms
  1. Beta-1 adrenoceptor
  2. Beta-1 adrenoreceptor
Target 1 Gene Name ADRB1
Target 1 Protein Sequence >Beta-1 adrenergic receptor 
MGAGVLVLGASEPGNLSSAAPLPDGAATAARLLVPASPPASLLPPASESPEPLSQQWTAG
MGLLMALIVLLIVAGNVLVIVAIAKTPRLQTLTNLFIMSLASADLVMGLLVVPFGATIVV
WGRWEYGSFFCELWTSVDVLCVTASIETLCVIALDRYLAITSPFRYQSLLTRARARGLVC
TVWAISALVSFLPILMHWWRAESDEARRCYNDPKCCDFVTNRAYAIASSVVSFYVPLCIM
AFVYLRVFREAQKQVKKIDSCERRFLGGPARPPSPSPSPVPAPAPPPGPPRPAAAAATAP
LANGRAGKRRPSRLVALREQKALKTLGIIMGVFTLCWLPFFLANVVKAFHRELVPDRLFV
FFNWLGYANSAFNPIIYCRSPDFRKAFQRLLCCARRAARRRHATHGDRPRASGCLARPGP
PPSPGAASDDDDDDVVGATPPARLLEPWAGCNGGAAADSDSSLDEPCRPGFASESKV
Target 1 Number of Residues 484
Target 1 Molecular Weight 51323
Target 1 Theoretical pI 9.03
Target 1 GO Classification
Function
signal transducer activity
receptor activity
transmembrane receptor activity
G-protein coupled receptor activity
rhodopsin-like receptor activity
amine receptor activity
adrenoceptor activity
beta-adrenergic receptor activity
beta1-adrenergic receptor activity
Process
cellular process
cell communication
signal transduction
cell surface receptor linked signal transduction
G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
Component
cell
membrane
intrinsic to membrane
integral to membrane
Target 1 General Function Involved in beta1-adrenergic receptor activity
Target 1 Specific Function Beta-adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine- induced activation of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. This receptor binds epinephrine and norepinephrine with approximately equal affinity
Target 1 Pathways Not Available
Target 1 Reactions Not Available
Target 1 Pfam Domain Function
Target 1 Signals
  • None
Target 1 Transmembrane Regions
  • 60-83
  • 97-120
  • 132-155
  • 176-199
  • 222-245
  • 326-349
  • 357-380
Target 1 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 1 GenBank ID Protein 178200 Link Image
Target 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P08588 Link Image
Target 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name ADRB1_HUMAN Link Image
Target 1 PDB ID Not Available
Target 1 Cellular Location
  • Cell membrane
  • multi-pass membrane protein. Localized at the plasma membrane. Found in the Golgi upo
Target 1 Gene Sequence >1434 bp 
ATGGGCGCGGGGGTGCTCGTCCTGGGCGCCTCCGAGCCCGGTAACCTGTCGTCGGCCGCA
CCGCTCCCCGACGGCGCGGCCACCGCGGCGCGGCTGCTGGTGCCCGCGTCGCCGCCCGCC
TCGTTGCTGCCTCCCGCCAGCGAAAGCCCCGAGCCGCTGTCTCAGCAGTGGACAGCGGGC
ATGGGTCTGCTGATGGCGCTCATCGTGCTGCTCATCGTGGCGGGCAATGTGCTGGTGATC
GTGGCCATCGCCAAGACGCCGCGGCTGCAGACGCTCACCAACCTCTTCATCATGTCCCTG
GCCAGCGCCGACCTGGTCATGGGGCTGCTGGTGGTGCCGTTCGGGGCCACCATCGTGGTG
TGGGGCCGCTGGGAGTACGGCTCCTTCTTCTGCGAGCTGTGGACCTCAGTGGACGTGCTG
TGCGTGACGGCCAGCATCGAGACCCTGTGTGTCATTGCCCTGGACCGCTACCTCGCCATC
ACCTCGCCCTTCCGCTACCAGAGCCTGCTGACGCGCGCGCGGGCGCGGGGCCTCGTGTGC
ACCGTGTGGGCCATCTCGGCCCTGGTGTCCTTCCTGCCCATCCTCATGCACTGGTGGCGG
GCGGAGAGCGACGAGGCGCGCCGCTGCTACAACGACCCCAAGTGCTGCGACTTCGTCACC
AACCGGGCCTACGCCATCGCCTCGTCCGTAGTCTCCTTCTACGTGCCCCTGTGCATCATG
GCCTTCGTGTACCTGCGGGTGTTCCGCGAGGCCCAGAAGCAGGTGAAGAAGATCGACAGC
TGCGAGCGCCGTTTCCTCGGCGGCCCAGCGCGGCCGCCCTCGCCCTCGCCCTCGCCCGTC
CCCGCGCCCGCGCCGCCGCCCGGACCCCCGCGCCCCGCCGCCGCCGCCGCCACCGCCCCG
CTGGCCAACGGGCGTGCGGGTAAGCGGCGGCCCTCGCGCCTCGTGGCCCTACGCGAGCAG
AAGGCGCTCAAGACGCTGGGCATCATCATGGGCGTCTTCACGCTCTGCTGGCTGCCCTTC
TTCCTGGCCAACGTGGTGAAGGCCTTCCACCGCGAGCTGGTGCCCGACCGCCTCTTCGTC
TTCTTCAACTGGCTGGGCTACGCCAACTCGGCCTTCAACCCCATCATCTACTGCCGCAGC
CCCGACTTCCGCAAGGCCTTCCAGGGACTGCTCTGCTGCGCGCGCAGGGCTGCCCGCCGG
CGCCACGCGACCCACGGAGACCGGCCGCGCGCCTCGGGCTGTCTGGCCCGGCCCGGACCC
CCGCCATCGCCCGGGGCCGCCTCGGACGACGACGACGACGATGTCGTCGGGGCCACGCCG
CCCGCGCGCCTGCTGGAGCCCTGGGCCGGCTGCAACGGCGGGGCGGCGGCGGACAGCGAC
TCGAGCCTGGACGAGCCGTGCCGCCCCGGCTTCGCCTCGGAATCCAAGGTGTAG
Target 1 GenBank Gene ID
Target 1 GeneCard ID ADRB1 Link Image
Target 1 GenAtlas ID ADRB1 Link Image
Target 1 HGNC ID HGNC:285 Link Image
Target 1 Chromosome Location 10
Target 1 Locus 10q24-q26
Target 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 1 General References
  1. Mason DA, Moore JD, Green SA, Liggett SB: A gain-of-function polymorphism in a G-protein coupling domain of the human beta1-adrenergic receptor. J Biol Chem. 1999 Apr 30;274(18):12670-4. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Moore JD, Mason DA, Green SA, Hsu J, Liggett SB: Racial differences in the frequencies of cardiac beta(1)-adrenergic receptor polymorphisms: analysis of c145A>G and c1165G>C. Hum Mutat. 1999 Sep 19;14(3):271. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Borjesson M, Magnusson Y, Hjalmarson A, Andersson B: A novel polymorphism in the gene coding for the beta(1)-adrenergic receptor associated with survival in patients with heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2000 Nov;21(22):1853-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Ranade K, Jorgenson E, Sheu WH, Pei D, Hsiung CA, Chiang FT, Chen YD, Pratt R, Olshen RA, Curb D, Cox DR, Botstein D, Risch N: A polymorphism in the beta1 adrenergic receptor is associated with resting heart rate. Am J Hum Genet. 2002 Apr;70(4):935-42. Epub 2002 Feb 18. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Frielle T, Collins S, Daniel KW, Caron MG, Lefkowitz RJ, Kobilka BK: Cloning of the cDNA for the human beta 1-adrenergic receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Nov;84(22):7920-4. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 1 Drug References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Joseph SS, Lynham JA, Molenaar P, Grace AA, Colledge WH, Kaumann AJ: Intrinsic sympathomimetic activity of (-)-pindolol mediated through a (-)-propranolol-resistant site of the beta1-adrenoceptor in human atrium and recombinant receptors. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2003 Dec;368(6):496-503. Epub 2003 Nov 8. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Doggrell SA: Effects of (+/-)- (+)- and (-)-metoprolol, (+/-)- (+)- and (-)-pindolol, (+/-)-mepindolol and (+/-)-bopindolol on the rat left atria and portal vein. Gen Pharmacol. 1991;22(6):1169-77. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Berendsen HH, Broekkamp CL, Van Delft AM: Antagonism of 8-OH-DPAT-induced behaviour in rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 1990 Oct 2;187(1):97-103. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Brodde OE, Michel MC, Wang XL, Zerkowski HR: Chronic beta-adrenoceptor antagonist treatment modulates human cardiac and vascular beta-adrenoceptor density in a subtype-selective fashion. J Hypertens Suppl. 1988 Dec;6(4):S497-500. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Watkins DJ, Lawrence AJ, Lewis SJ, Jarrott B: Loss of [125I]-pindolol binding to beta-adrenoceptors on rat nodose ganglion after chronic isoprenaline treatment. J Auton Nerv Syst. 1996 Aug 27;60(1-2):12-6. [PubMed Link Image]
Drug Target 2 [top]
Target 2 ID 320
Target 2 Name 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptor
Target 2 Synonyms
  1. 5- HT1A
  2. 5-HT-1A
  3. G-21
  4. Serotonin receptor 1A
Target 2 Gene Name HTR1A
Target 2 Protein Sequence >5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptor 
MDVLSPGQGNNTTSPPAPFETGGNTTGISDVTVSYQVITSLLLGTLIFCAVLGNACVVAA
IALERSLQNVANYLIGSLAVTDLMVSVLVLPMAALYQVLNKWTLGQVTCDLFIALDVLCC
TSSILHLCAIALDRYWAITDPIDYVNKRTPRRAAALISLTWLIGFLISIPPMLGWRTPED
RSDPDACTISKDHGYTIYSTFGAFYIPLLLMLVLYGRIFRAARFRIRKTVKKVEKTGADT
RHGASPAPQPKKSVNGESGSRNWRLGVESKAGGALCANGAVRQGDDGAALEVIEVHRVGN
SKEHLPLPSEAGPTPCAPASFERKNERNAEAKRKMALARERKTVKTLGIIMGTFILCWLP
FFIVALVLPFCESSCHMPTLLGAIINWLGYSNSLLNPVIYAYFNKDFQNAFKKIIKCKFC
RQ
Target 2 Number of Residues 429
Target 2 Molecular Weight 46107
Target 2 Theoretical pI 9.05
Target 2 GO Classification
Function
signal transducer activity
receptor activity
transmembrane receptor activity
G-protein coupled receptor activity
rhodopsin-like receptor activity
Process
cellular process
cell communication
signal transduction
cell surface receptor linked signal transduction
G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
Component
cell
membrane
intrinsic to membrane
integral to membrane
Target 2 General Function Involved in rhodopsin-like receptor activity
Target 2 Specific Function This is one of the several different receptors for 5- hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), a biogenic hormone that functions as a neurotransmitter, a hormone, and a mitogen. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins that inhibit adenylate cyclase activity
Target 2 Pathways Not Available
Target 2 Reactions Not Available
Target 2 Pfam Domain Function
Target 2 Signals
  • None
Target 2 Transmembrane Regions
  • 37-62
  • 74-98
  • 110-132
  • 153-178
  • 192-217
  • 346-367
  • 379-403
Target 2 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 2 GenBank ID Protein 189928 Link Image
Target 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P08908 Link Image
Target 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name 5HT1A_HUMAN Link Image
Target 2 PDB ID Not Available
Target 2 Cellular Location
  • Membrane
  • multi-pass membrane protein
Target 2 Gene Sequence >1266 bp 
ATGGATGTGCTCAGCCCTGGTCAGGGCAACAACACCACATCACCACCGGCTCCCTTTGAG
ACCGGCGGCAACACTACTGGTATCTCCGACGTGACCGTCAGCTACCAAGTGATCACCTCT
CTGCTGCTGGGCACGCTCATCTTCTGCGCGGTGCTGGGCAATGCGTGCGTGGTGGCTGCC
ATCGCCTTGGAGCGCTCCCTGCAGAACGTGGCCAATTATCTTATTGGCTCTTTGGCGGTC
ACCGACCTCATGGTGTCGGTGTTGGTGCTGCCCATGGCCGCGCTGTATCAGGTGCTCAAC
AAGTGGACACTGGGCCAGGTAACCTGCGACCTGTTCATCGCCCTCGACGTGCTGTGCTGC
ACCTCATCCATCTTGCACCTGTGCGCCATCGCGCTGGACAGGTACTGGGCCATCACGGAC
CCCATCGACTACGTGAACAAGAGGACGCCCCGGCCGCGTGCGCTCATCTCGCTCACTTGG
CTTATTGGCTTCCTCATCTCTATCCCGCCCATCCTGGGCTGGCGCACCCCGGAAGACCGC
TCGGACCCCGACGCATGCACCATTAGCAAGGATCATGGCTACACTATCTATTCCACCTTT
GGAGCTTTCTACATCCCGCTGCTGCTCATGCTGGTTCTCTATGGGCGCATATTCCGAGCT
GCGCGCTTCCGCATCCGCAAGACGGTCAAAAAGGTGGAGAAGACCGGAGCGGACACCCGC
CATGGAGCATCTCCCGCCCCGCAGCCCAAGAAGAGTGTGAATGGAGAGTCGGGGAGCAGG
AACTGGAGGCTGGGCGTGGAGAGCAAGGCTGGGGGTGCTCTGTGCGCCAATGGCGCGGTG
AGGCAAGGTGACGATGGCGCCGCCCTGGAGGTGATCGAGGTGCACCGAGTGGGCAACTCC
AAAGAGCACTTGCCTCTGCCCAGCGAGGCTGGTCCTACCCCTTGTGCCCCCGCCTCTTTC
GAGAGGAAAAATGAGCGCAACGCCGAGGCGAAGCGCAAGATGGCCCTGGCCCGAGAGAGG
AAGACAGTGAAGACGCTGGGCATCATCATGGGCACCTTCATCCTCTGCTGGCTGCCCTTC
TTCATCGTGGCTCTTGTTCTGCCCTTCTGCGAGAGCAGCTGCCACATGCCCACCCTGTTG
GGCGCCATAATCAATTGGCTGGGCTACTCCAACTCTCTGCTTAACCCCGTCATTTACGCA
TACTTCAACAAGGACTTTCAAAACGCGTTTAAGAAGATCATTAAGTGTAACTTCTGCCGC
CAGTGA
Target 2 GenBank Gene ID
Target 2 GeneCard ID HTR1A Link Image
Target 2 GenAtlas ID HTR1A Link Image
Target 2 HGNC ID HGNC:5286 Link Image
Target 2 Chromosome Location 5
Target 2 Locus 5q11.2-q13
Target 2 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 2 General References
  1. Parks CL, Chang LS, Shenk T: A polymerase chain reaction mediated by a single primer: cloning of genomic sequences adjacent to a serotonin receptor protein coding region. Nucleic Acids Res. 1991 Dec;19(25):7155-60. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Kobilka BK, Frielle T, Collins S, Yang-Feng T, Kobilka TS, Francke U, Lefkowitz RJ, Caron MG: An intronless gene encoding a potential member of the family of receptors coupled to guanine nucleotide regulatory proteins. Nature. 1987 Sep 3-9;329(6134):75-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Fargin A, Raymond JR, Lohse MJ, Kobilka BK, Caron MG, Lefkowitz RJ: The genomic clone G-21 which resembles a beta-adrenergic receptor sequence encodes the 5-HT1A receptor. Nature. 1988 Sep 22;335(6188):358-60. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Nakhai B, Nielsen DA, Linnoila M, Goldman D: Two naturally occurring amino acid substitutions in the human 5-HT1A receptor: glycine 22 to serine 22 and isoleucine 28 to valine 28. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1995 May 16;210(2):530-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Aune TM, McGrath KM, Sarr T, Bombara MP, Kelley KA: Expression of 5HT1a receptors on activated human T cells. Regulation of cyclic AMP levels and T cell proliferation by 5-hydroxytryptamine. J Immunol. 1993 Aug 1;151(3):1175-83. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Kawanishi Y, Harada S, Tachikawa H, Okubo T, Shiraishi H: Novel mutations in the promoter and coding region of the human 5-HT1A receptor gene and association analysis in schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet. 1998 Sep 7;81(5):434-9. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 2 Drug References
  1. Smeraldi E, Benedetti F, Barbini B, Campori E, Colombo C: Sustained antidepressant effect of sleep deprivation combined with pindolol in bipolar depression. A placebo-controlled trial. Neuropsychopharmacology. 1999 Apr;20(4):380-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Haddjeri N, de Montigny C, Blier P: Modulation of the firing activity of rat serotonin and noradrenaline neurons by (+/-)pindolol. Biol Psychiatry. 1999 May 1;45(9):1163-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Gobert A, Millan MJ: Modulation of dialysate levels of dopamine, noradrenaline, and serotonin (5-HT) in the frontal cortex of freely-moving rats by (-)-pindolol alone and in association with 5-HT reuptake inhibitors: comparative roles of beta-adrenergic, 5-HT1A, and 5-HT1B receptors. Neuropsychopharmacology. 1999 Aug;21(2):268-84. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Andree B, Thorberg SO, Halldin C, Farde L: Pindolol binding to 5-HT1A receptors in the human brain confirmed with positron emission tomography. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1999 Jun;144(3):303-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Fornal CA, Martin FJ, Metzler CW, Jacobs BL: Pindolol suppresses serotonergic neuronal activity and does not block the inhibition of serotonergic neurons produced by 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin in awake cats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 Oct;291(1):229-38. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed Link Image]
Drug Target 3 [top]
Target 3 ID 766
Target 3 Name Beta-2 adrenergic receptor
Target 3 Synonyms
  1. Beta-2 adrenoceptor
  2. Beta-2 adrenoreceptor
Target 3 Gene Name ADRB2
Target 3 Protein Sequence >Beta-2 adrenergic receptor 
MGQPGNGSAFLLAPNRSHAPDHDVTQQRDEVWVVGMGIVMSLIVLAIVFGNVLVITAIAK
FERLQTVTNYFITSLACADLVMGLAVVPFGAAHILMKMWTFGNFWCEFWTSIDVLCVTAS
IETLCVIAVDRYFAITSPFKYQSLLTKNKARVIILMVWIVSGLTSFLPIQMHWYRATHQE
AINCYANETCCDFFTNQAYAIASSIVSFYVPLVIMVFVYSRVFQEAKRQLQKIDKSEGRF
HVQNLSQVEQDGRTGHGLRRSSKFCLKEHKALKTLGIIMGTFTLCWLPFFIVNIVHVIQD
NLIRKEVYILLNWIGYVNSGFNPLIYCRSPDFRIAFQELLCLRRSSLKAYGNGYSSNGNT
GEQSGYHVEQEKENKLLCEDLPGTEDFVGHQGTVPSDNIDSQGRNCSTNDSLL
Target 3 Number of Residues 419
Target 3 Molecular Weight 46557
Target 3 Theoretical pI 7.44
Target 3 GO Classification
Function
signal transducer activity
receptor activity
transmembrane receptor activity
G-protein coupled receptor activity
rhodopsin-like receptor activity
amine receptor activity
adrenoceptor activity
beta-adrenergic receptor activity
beta2-adrenergic receptor activity
Process
cellular process
cell communication
signal transduction
cell surface receptor linked signal transduction
G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
Component
cell
membrane
intrinsic to membrane
integral to membrane
Target 3 General Function Involved in beta2-adrenergic receptor activity
Target 3 Specific Function Beta-adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine- induced activation of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. The beta-2-adrenergic receptor binds epinephrine with an approximately 30-fold greater affinity than it does norepinephrine
Target 3 Pathways Not Available
Target 3 Reactions Not Available
Target 3 Pfam Domain Function
Target 3 Signals
  • None
Target 3 Transmembrane Regions
  • 35-58
  • 72-95
  • 107-129
  • 151-174
  • 197-220
  • 275-298
  • 306-329
Target 3 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 3 GenBank ID Protein 29371 Link Image
Target 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P07550 Link Image
Target 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name ADRB2_HUMAN Link Image
Target 3 PDB ID Not Available
Target 3 Cellular Location
  • Membrane
  • multi-pass membrane protein
Target 3 Gene Sequence >1242 bp 
ATGGGGCAACCCGGGAACGGCAGCGCCTTCTTGCTGGCACCCAATAGAAGCCATGCGCCG
GACCACGACGTCACGCAGCAAAGGGACGAGGTGTGGGTGGTGGGCATGGGCATCGTCATG
TCTCTCATCGTCCTGGCCATCGTGTTTGGCAATGTGCTGGTCATCACAGCCATTGCCAAG
TTCGAGCGTCTGCAGACGGTCACCAACTACTTCATCACTTCACTGGCCTGTGCTGATCTG
GTCATGGGCCTGGCAGTGGTGCCCTTTGGGGCCGCCCATATTCTTATGAAAATGTGGACT
TTTGGCAACTTCTGGTGCGAGTTTTGGACTTCCATTGATGTGCTGTGCGTCACGGCCAGC
ATTGAGACCCTGTGCGTGATCGCAGTGGATCGCTACTTTGCCATTACTTCACCTTTCAAG
TACCAGAGCCTGCTGACCAAGAATAAGGCCCGGGTGATCATTCTGATGGTGTGGATTGTG
TCAGGCCTTACCTCCTTCTTGCCCATTCAGATGCACTGGTACCGGGCCACCCACCAGGAA
GCCATCAACTGCTATGCCAATGAGACCTGCTGTGACTTCTTCACGAACCAAGCCTATGCC
ATTGCCTCTTCCATCGTGTCCTTCTACGTTCCCCTGGTGATCATGGTCTTCGTCTACTCC
AGGGTCTTTCAGGAGGCCAAAAGGCAGCTCCAGAAGATTGACAAATCTGAGGGCCGCTTC
CATGTCCAGAACCTTAGCCAGGTGGAGCAGGATGGGCGGACGGGGCATGGACTCCGCAGA
TCTTCCAAGTTCTGCTTGAAGGAGCACAAAGCCCTCAAGACGTTAGGCATCATCATGGGC
ACTTTCACCCTCTGCTGGCTGCCCTTCTTCATCGTTAACATTGTGCATGTGATCCAGGAT
AACCTCATCCGTAAGGAAGTTTACATCCTCCTAAATTGGATAGGCTATGTCAATTCTGGT
TTCAATCCCCTTATCTACTGCCGGAGCCCAGATTTCAGGATTGCCTTCCAGGAGCTTCTG
TGCCTGCGCAGGTCTTCTTTGAAGGCCTATGGGAATGGCTACTCCAGCAACGGCAACACA
GGGGAGCAGAGTGGATATCACGTGGAACAGGAGAAAGAAAATAAACTGCTGTGTGAAGAC
CTCCCAGGCACGGAAGACTTTGTGGGCCATCAAGGTACTGTGCCTAGCGATAACATTGAT
TCACAAGGGAGGAATTGTAGTACAAATGACTCACTGCTGTAA
Target 3 GenBank Gene ID
Target 3 GeneCard ID ADRB2 Link Image
Target 3 GenAtlas ID ADRB2 Link Image
Target 3 HGNC ID HGNC:286 Link Image
Target 3 Chromosome Location 5
Target 3 Locus 5q31-q32
Target 3 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 3 General References
  1. Cao TT, Deacon HW, Reczek D, Bretscher A, von Zastrow M: A kinase-regulated PDZ-domain interaction controls endocytic sorting of the beta2-adrenergic receptor. Nature. 1999 Sep 16;401(6750):286-90. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Moffett S, Rousseau G, Lagace M, Bouvier M: The palmitoylation state of the beta(2)-adrenergic receptor regulates the synergistic action of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and beta-adrenergic receptor kinase involved in its phosphorylation and desensitization. J Neurochem. 2001 Jan;76(1):269-79. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. O'Dowd BF, Hnatowich M, Caron MG, Lefkowitz RJ, Bouvier M: Palmitoylation of the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor. Mutation of Cys341 in the carboxyl tail leads to an uncoupled nonpalmitoylated form of the receptor. J Biol Chem. 1989 May 5;264(13):7564-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Emorine LJ, Marullo S, Delavier-Klutchko C, Kaveri SV, Durieu-Trautmann O, Strosberg AD: Structure of the gene for human beta 2-adrenergic receptor: expression and promoter characterization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Oct;84(20):6995-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Chung FZ, Wang CD, Potter PC, Venter JC, Fraser CM: Site-directed mutagenesis and continuous expression of human beta-adrenergic receptors. Identification of a conserved aspartate residue involved in agonist binding and receptor activation. J Biol Chem. 1988 Mar 25;263(9):4052-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Kobilka BK, Dixon RA, Frielle T, Dohlman HG, Bolanowski MA, Sigal IS, Yang-Feng TL, Francke U, Caron MG, Lefkowitz RJ: cDNA for the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor: a protein with multiple membrane-spanning domains and encoded by a gene whose chromosomal location is shared with that of the receptor for platelet-derived growth factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Jan;84(1):46-50. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Chung FZ, Lentes KU, Gocayne J, Fitzgerald M, Robinson D, Kerlavage AR, Fraser CM, Venter JC: Cloning and sequence analysis of the human brain beta-adrenergic receptor. Evolutionary relationship to rodent and avian beta-receptors and porcine muscarinic receptors. FEBS Lett. 1987 Jan 26;211(2):200-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Schofield PR, Rhee LM, Peralta EG: Primary structure of the human beta-adrenergic receptor gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Apr 24;15(8):3636. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Kobilka BK, Frielle T, Dohlman HG, Bolanowski MA, Dixon RA, Keller P, Caron MG, Lefkowitz RJ: Delineation of the intronless nature of the genes for the human and hamster beta 2-adrenergic receptor and their putative promoter regions. J Biol Chem. 1987 May 25;262(15):7321-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Turki J, Pak J, Green SA, Martin RJ, Liggett SB: Genetic polymorphisms of the beta 2-adrenergic receptor in nocturnal and nonnocturnal asthma. Evidence that Gly16 correlates with the nocturnal phenotype. J Clin Invest. 1995 Apr;95(4):1635-41. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. 7915137 Green SA, Turki J, Innis M, Liggett SB: Amino-terminal polymorphisms of the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor impart distinct agonist-promoted regulatory properties. Biochemistry. 1994 Aug 16;33(32):9414-9.
  12. 8383511 Reihsaus E, Innis M, MacIntyre N, Liggett SB: Mutations in the gene encoding for the beta 2-adrenergic receptor in normal and asthmatic subjects. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1993 Mar;8(3):334-9.
Target 3 Drug References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Rubenstein LA, Zauhar RJ, Lanzara RG: Molecular dynamics of a biophysical model for beta2-adrenergic and G protein-coupled receptor activation. J Mol Graph Model. 2006 Dec;25(4):396-409. Epub 2006 Mar 30. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Dejgaard A, Liggett SB, Christensen NJ, Cryer PE, Hilsted J: Adrenergic receptors are a fallible index of adrenergic denervation hypersensitivity. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 1991 Dec;51(8):659-66. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Wheeldon NM, Newnham DM, Fraser GC, McDevitt DG, Lipworth BJ: The effect of pindolol on creatine kinase is not due to beta 2-adrenoceptor partial agonist activity. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1991 Jun;31(6):723-4. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Doggrell SA: Effects of (+/-)- (+)- and (-)-metoprolol, (+/-)- (+)- and (-)-pindolol, (+/-)-mepindolol and (+/-)-bopindolol on the rat left atria and portal vein. Gen Pharmacol. 1991;22(6):1169-77. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Doggrell SA: Relaxant and beta 2-adrenoceptor blocking activities of (+/- )-, (+)- and (-)-pindolol on the rat isolated aorta. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1990 Jun;42(6):444-6. [PubMed Link Image]
Drug Target 4 [top]
Target 4 ID 885
Target 4 Name 5-hydroxytryptamine 1B receptor
Target 4 Synonyms
  1. 5- HT1B
  2. 5-HT-1B
  3. 5-HT-1D-beta
  4. S12
  5. Serotonin 1D beta receptor
  6. Serotonin receptor 1B
Target 4 Gene Name HTR1B
Target 4 Protein Sequence >5-hydroxytryptamine 1B receptor 
MEEPGAQCAPPPPAGSETWVPQANLSSAPSQNCSAKDYIYQDSISLPWKVLLVMLLALIT
LATTLSNAFVIATVYRTRKLHTPANYLIASLAVTDLLVSILVMPISTMYTVTGRWTLGQV
VCDFWLSSDITCCTASILHLCVIALDRYWAITDAVEYSAKRTPKRAAVMIALVWVFSISI
SLPPFFWRQAKAEEEVSECVVNTDHILYTVYSTVGAFYFPTLLLIALYGRIYVEARSRIL
KQTPNRTGKRLTRAQLITDSPGSTSSVTSINSRVPDVPSESGSPVYVNQVKVRVSDALLE
KKKLMAARERKATKTLGIILGAFIVCWLPFFIISLVMPICKDACWFHLAIFDFFTWLGYL
NSLINPIIYTMSNEDFKQAFHKLIRFKCTS
Target 4 Number of Residues 396
Target 4 Molecular Weight 43568
Target 4 Theoretical pI 8.82
Target 4 GO Classification
Function
signal transducer activity
receptor activity
transmembrane receptor activity
G-protein coupled receptor activity
rhodopsin-like receptor activity
Process
cellular process
cell communication
signal transduction
cell surface receptor linked signal transduction
G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
Component
cell
membrane
intrinsic to membrane
integral to membrane
Target 4 General Function Involved in rhodopsin-like receptor activity
Target 4 Specific Function This is one of the several different receptors for 5- hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), a biogenic hormone that functions as a neurotransmitter, a hormone, and a mitogen. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins that inhibit adenylate cyclase activity
Target 4 Pathways Not Available
Target 4 Reactions Not Available
Target 4 Pfam Domain Function
Target 4 Signals
  • None
Target 4 Transmembrane Regions
  • 50-73
  • 87-109
  • 120-145
  • 166-187
  • 206-229
  • 316-340
  • 348-373
Target 4 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 4 GenBank ID Protein 219679 Link Image
Target 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P28222 Link Image
Target 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name 5HT1B_HUMAN Link Image
Target 4 PDB ID Not Available
Target 4 Cellular Location
  • Membrane
  • multi-pass membrane protein
Target 4 Gene Sequence >1173 bp 
ATGGAGGAACCGGGTGCTCAGTGCGCTCCACCGCCGCCCGCGGGCTCCGAGACCTGGGTT
CCTCAAGCCAACTTATCCTCTGCTCCCTCCCAAAACTGCAGCGCCAAGGACTACATTTAC
CAGGACTCCATCTCCCTACCCTGGAAAGTACTGCTGGTTATGCTATTGGCGCTCATCACC
TTGGCCACCACGCTCTCCAATGCCTTTGTGATTGCCACAGTGTACCGGACCCGGAAACTG
CACACCCCGGCTAACTACCTGATCGCCTCTCTGGCGGTCACCGACCTGCTTGTGTCCATC
CTGGTGATGCCCATCAGCACCATGTACACTGTCACCGGCCGCTGGACACTGGGCCAGGTG
GTCTGTGACTTCTGGCTGTCGTCGGACATCACTTGTTGCACTGCCTCCATCCTGCACCTC
TGTGTCATCGCCCTGGACCGCTACTGGGCCATCACGGACGCCGTGGAGTACTCAGCTAAA
AGGACTCCCAAGAGGGCGGCGGTCATGATCGCGCTGGTGTGGGTCTTCTCCATCTCTATC
TCGCTGCCGCCCTTCTTCTGGCGTCAGGCTAAGGCCGAAGAGGAGGTGTCGGAATGCGTG
GTGAACACCGACCACATCCTCTACACGGTCTACTCCACGGTGGGTGCTTTCTACTTCCCC
ACCCTGCTCCTCATCGCCCTCTATGGCCGCATCTACGTAGAAGCCCGCTCCCGGATTTTG
AAACAGACGCCCAACAGGACCGGCAAGCGCTTGACCCGAGCCCAGCTGATAACCGACTCC
CCCGGGTCCACGTCCTCGGTCACCTCTATTAACTCGCGGGTTCCCGACGTGCCCAGCGAA
TCCGGATCTCCTGTGTATGTGAACCAAGTCAAAGTGCGAGTCTCCGACGCCCTGCTGGAA
AAGAAGAAACTCATGGCCGCTAGGGAGCGCAAAGCCACCAAGACCCTAGGGATCATTTTG
GGAGCCTTTATTGTGTGTTGGCTACCCTTCTTCATCATCTCCCTAGTGATGCCTATCTGC
AAAGATGCCTGCTGGTTCCACCTAGCCATCTTTGACTTCTTCACATGGCTGGGCTATCTC
AACTCCCTCATCAACCCCATAATCTATACCATGTCCAATGAGGACTTTAAACAAGCATTC
CATAAACTGATACGTTTTAAGTGCACAAGTTGA
Target 4 GenBank Gene ID
Target 4 GeneCard ID HTR1B Link Image
Target 4 GenAtlas ID HTR1B Link Image
Target 4 HGNC ID HGNC:5287 Link Image
Target 4 Chromosome Location 6
Target 4 Locus 6q13
Target 4 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 4 General References
  1. Hamblin MW, Metcalf MA, McGuffin RW, Karpells S: Molecular cloning and functional characterization of a human 5-HT1B serotonin receptor: a homologue of the rat 5-HT1B receptor with 5-HT1D-like pharmacological specificity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1992 Apr 30;184(2):752-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Veldman SA, Bienkowski MJ: Cloning and pharmacological characterization of a novel human 5-hydroxytryptamine1D receptor subtype. Mol Pharmacol. 1992 Sep;42(3):439-44. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Jin H, Oksenberg D, Ashkenazi A, Peroutka SJ, Duncan AM, Rozmahel R, Yang Y, Mengod G, Palacios JM, O'Dowd BF: Characterization of the human 5-hydroxytryptamine1B receptor. J Biol Chem. 1992 Mar 25;267(9):5735-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Demchyshyn L, Sunahara RK, Miller K, Teitler M, Hoffman BJ, Kennedy JL, Seeman P, Van Tol HH, Niznik HB: A human serotonin 1D receptor variant (5HT1D beta) encoded by an intronless gene on chromosome 6. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Jun 15;89(12):5522-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Mungall AJ, Palmer SA, Sims SK, Edwards CA, Ashurst JL, Wilming L, Jones MC, Horton R, Hunt SE, Scott CE, Gilbert JG, Clamp ME, Bethel G, Milne S, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Andrews TD, Ashwell RI, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Banerjee R, Barker DJ, Barlow KF, Bates K, Beare DM, Beasley H, Beasley O, Bird CP, Blakey S, Bray-Allen S, Brook J, Brown AJ, Brown JY, Burford DC, Burrill W, Burton J, Carder C, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clark G, Clee CM, Clegg S, Cobley V, Collier RE, Collins JE, Colman LK, Corby NR, Coville GJ, Culley KM, Dhami P, Davies J, Dunn M, Earthrowl ME, Ellington AE, Evans KA, Faulkner L, Francis MD, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Ghori MJ, Gilby LM, Gillson CJ, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Grant M, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Griffiths M, Hall R, Halls KS, Hammond S, Harley JL, Hart EA, Heath PD, Heathcott R, Holmes SJ, Howden PJ, Howe KL, Howell GR, Huckle E, Humphray SJ, Humphries MD, Hunt AR, Johnson CM, Joy AA, Kay M, Keenan SJ, Kimberley AM, King A, Laird GK, Langford C, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Leversha M, Lloyd CR, Lloyd DM, Loveland JE, Lovell J, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Maslen GL, Matthews L, McCann OT, McLaren SJ, McLay K, McMurray A, Moore MJ, Mullikin JC, Niblett D, Nickerson T, Novik KL, Oliver K, Overton-Larty EK, Parker A, Patel R, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Phillimore B, Phillips S, Plumb RW, Porter KM, Ramsey Y, Ranby SA, Rice CM, Ross MT, Searle SM, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Skuce CD, Smith S, Smith M, Spraggon L, Squares SL, Steward CA, Sycamore N, Tamlyn-Hall G, Tester J, Theaker AJ, Thomas DW, Thorpe A, Tracey A, Tromans A, Tubby B, Wall M, Wallis JM, West AP, White SS, Whitehead SL, Whittaker H, Wild A, Willey DJ, Wilmer TE, Wood JM, Wray PW, Wyatt JC, Young L, Younger RM, Bentley DR, Coulson A, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Sulston JE, Dunham I, Rogers J, Beck S: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6. Nature. 2003 Oct 23;425(6960):805-11. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Levy FO, Gudermann T, Perez-Reyes E, Birnbaumer M, Kaumann AJ, Birnbaumer L: Molecular cloning of a human serotonin receptor (S12) with a pharmacological profile resembling that of the 5-HT1D subtype. J Biol Chem. 1992 Apr 15;267(11):7553-62. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Weinshank RL, Zgombick JM, Macchi MJ, Branchek TA, Hartig PR: Human serotonin 1D receptor is encoded by a subfamily of two distinct genes: 5-HT1D alpha and 5-HT1D beta. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Apr 15;89(8):3630-4. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Mochizuki D, Yuyama Y, Tsujita R, Komaki H, Sagai H: Cloning and expression of the human 5-HT1B-type receptor gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1992 Jun 15;185(2):517-23. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Nothen MM, Erdmann J, Shimron-Abarbanell D, Propping P: Identification of genetic variation in the human serotonin 1D beta receptor gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1994 Dec 15;205(2):1194-200. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Ng GY, George SR, Zastawny RL, Caron M, Bouvier M, Dennis M, O'Dowd BF: Human serotonin1B receptor expression in Sf9 cells: phosphorylation, palmitoylation, and adenylyl cyclase inhibition. Biochemistry. 1993 Nov 2;32(43):11727-33. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 4 Drug References
  1. Dawson LA, Nguyen HQ: The role of 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(1B/1D) receptors on the modulation of acute fluoxetine-induced changes in extracellular 5-HT: the mechanism of action of (+/-)pindolol. Neuropharmacology. 2000 Apr 3;39(6):1044-52. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Ariani K, Hamblin MW, Tan GL, Stratford CA, Ciaranello RD: G protein dependent alterations in [125I]iodocyanopindolol and +/- cyanopindolol binding at 5-HT1B binding sites in rat brain membranes. Neurochem Res. 1989 Sep;14(9):835-43. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Leonhardt S, Herrick-Davis K, Titeler M: Detection of a novel serotonin receptor subtype (5-HT1E) in human brain: interaction with a GTP-binding protein. J Neurochem. 1989 Aug;53(2):465-71. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Herrick-Davis K, Titeler M, Leonhardt S, Struble R, Price D: Serotonin 5-HT1D receptors in human prefrontal cortex and caudate: interaction with a GTP binding protein. J Neurochem. 1988 Dec;51(6):1906-12. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Terron JA, Lopez-Munoz FJ, Hong E, Villalon CM: 2-(2-Aminoethyl)-quinoline (D-1997): a novel agonist at 5-hydroxytryptamine1-like receptors in the canine basilar artery. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther. 1994 Jan-Feb;327(1):56-68. [PubMed Link Image]
Drug Target 5 [top]
Target 5 ID 1517
Target 5 Name Beta-3 adrenergic receptor
Target 5 Synonyms
  1. Beta-3 adrenoceptor
  2. Beta-3 adrenoreceptor
Target 5 Gene Name ADRB3
Target 5 Protein Sequence >Beta-3 adrenergic receptor 
MAPWPHENSSLAPWPDLPTLAPNTANTSGLPGVPWEAALAGALLALAVLATVGGNLLVIV
AIAWTPRLQTMTNVFVTSLAAADLVMGLLVVPPAATLALTGHWPLGATGCELWTSVDVLC
VTASIETLCALAVDRYLAVTNPLRYGALVTKRCARTAVVLVWVVSAAVSFAPIMSQWWRV
GADAEAQRCHSNPRCCAFASNMPYVLLSSSVSFYLPLLVMLFVYARVFVVATRQLRLLRG
ELGRFPPEESPPAPSRSLAPAPVGTCAPPEGVPACGRRPARLLPLREHRALCTLGLIMGT
FTLCWLPFFLANVLRALGGPSLVPGPAFLALNWLGYANSAFNPLIYCRSPDFRSAFRRLL
CRCGRRLPPEPCAAARPALFPSGVPAARSSPAQPRLCQRLDGASWGVS
Target 5 Number of Residues 414
Target 5 Molecular Weight 43520
Target 5 Theoretical pI 9.07
Target 5 GO Classification
Function
signal transducer activity
receptor activity
transmembrane receptor activity
G-protein coupled receptor activity
rhodopsin-like receptor activity
amine receptor activity
adrenoceptor activity
beta-adrenergic receptor activity
Process
cellular process
cell communication
signal transduction
cell surface receptor linked signal transduction
G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
Component
cell
membrane
intrinsic to membrane
integral to membrane
Target 5 General Function Involved in beta-adrenergic receptor activity
Target 5 Specific Function Beta-adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine- induced activation of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. Beta-3 is involved in the regulation of lipolysis and thermogenesis
Target 5 Pathways Not Available
Target 5 Reactions Not Available
Target 5 Pfam Domain Function
Target 5 Signals
  • None
Target 5 Transmembrane Regions
  • 37-63
  • 73-91
  • 112-133
  • 156-178
  • 204-225
  • 293-314
  • 327-347
Target 5 Essentiality Non-Essential
Target 5 GenBank ID Protein 178896 Link Image
Target 5 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P13945 Link Image
Target 5 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name ADRB3_HUMAN Link Image
Target 5 PDB ID Not Available
Target 5 Cellular Location
  • Membrane
  • multi-pass membrane protein
Target 5 Gene Sequence >1209 bp 
ATGGCTCCGTGGCCTCACGAGAACAGCTCTCTTGCCCCATGGCCGGACCTCCCCACCCTG
GCGCCCAATACCGCCAACACCAGTGGGCTGCCAGGGGTTCCGTGGGAGGCGGCCCTAGCC
GGGGCCCTGCTGGCGCTGGCGGTGCTGGCCACCGTGGGAGGCAACCTGCTGGTCATCGTG
GCCATCGCCTGGACTCCGAGACTCCAGACCATGACCAACGTGTTCGTGACTTCGCTGGCC
GCAGCCGACCTGGTGATGGGACTCCTGGTGGTGCCGCCGGCGGCCACCTTGGCGCTGACT
GGCCACTGGCCGTTGGGCGCCACTGGCTGCGAGCTGTGGACCTCGGTGGACGTGCTGTGT
GTGACCGCCAGCATCGAAACCCTGTGCGCCCTGGCCGTGGACCGCTACCTGGCTGTGACC
AACCCGCTGCGTTACGGCGCACTGGTCACCAAGCGCTGCGCCCGGACAGCTGTGGTCCTG
GTGTGGGTCGTGTCGGCCGCGGTGTCGTTTGCGCCCATCATGAGCCAGTGGTGGCGCGTA
GGGGCCGACGCCGAGGCGCAGCGCTGCCACTCCAACCCGCGCTGCTGTGCCTTCGCCTCC
AACATGCCCTACGTGCTGCTGTCCTCCTCCGTCTCCTTCTACCTTCCTCTTCTCGTGATG
CTCTTCGTCTACGCGCGGGTTTTCGTGGTGGCTACGCGCCAGCTGCGCTTGCTGCGCGGG
GAGCTGGGCCGCTTTCCGCCCGAGGAGTCTCCGCCGGCGCCGTCGCGCTCTCTGGCCCCG
GCCCCGGTGGGGACGTGCGCTCCGCCCGAAGGGGTGCCCGCCTGCGGCCGGCGGCCCGCG
CGCCTCCTGCCTCTCCGGGAACACCGGGCCCTGTGCACCTTGGGTCTCATCATGGGCACC
TTCACTCTCTGCTGGTTGCCCTTCTTTCTGGCCAACGTGCTGCGCGCCCTGGGGGGCCCC
TCTCTAGTCCCGGGCCCGGCTTTCCTTGCCCTGAACTGGCTAGGTTATGCCAATTCTGCC
TTCAACCCGCTCATCTACTGCCGCAGCCCGGACTTTCGCAGCGCCTTCCGCCGTCTTCTG
TGCCGCTGCGGCCGTCGCCTGCCTCCGGAGCCCTGCGCCGCCGCCCGCCCGGCCCTCTTC
CCCTCGGGCGTTCCTGCGGCCCGGAGCAGCCCAGCGCAGCCCAGGCTTTGCCAACGGCTC
GACGGGTAG
Target 5 GenBank Gene ID
Target 5 GeneCard ID ADRB3 Link Image
Target 5 GenAtlas ID ADRB3 Link Image
Target 5 HGNC ID HGNC:288 Link Image
Target 5 Chromosome Location 8
Target 5 Locus 8p12-p11.2
Target 5 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Target 5 General References
  1. Halushka MK, Fan JB, Bentley K, Hsie L, Shen N, Weder A, Cooper R, Lipshutz R, Chakravarti A: Patterns of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in candidate genes for blood-pressure homeostasis. Nat Genet. 1999 Jul;22(3):239-47. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Granneman JG, Lahners KN, Rao DD: Rodent and human beta 3-adrenergic receptor genes contain an intron within the protein-coding block. Mol Pharmacol. 1992 Dec;42(6):964-70. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Emorine LJ, Marullo S, Briend-Sutren MM, Patey G, Tate K, Delavier-Klutchko C, Strosberg AD: Molecular characterization of the human beta 3-adrenergic receptor. Science. 1989 Sep 8;245(4922):1118-21. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Clement K, Vaisse C, Manning BS, Basdevant A, Guy-Grand B, Ruiz J, Silver KD, Shuldiner AR, Froguel P, Strosberg AD: Genetic variation in the beta 3-adrenergic receptor and an increased capacity to gain weight in patients with morbid obesity. N Engl J Med. 1995 Aug 10;333(6):352-4. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. van Spronsen A, Nahmias C, Krief S, Briend-Sutren MM, Strosberg AD, Emorine LJ: The promoter and intron/exon structure of the human and mouse beta 3-adrenergic-receptor genes. Eur J Biochem. 1993 May 1;213(3):1117-24. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Lelias JM, Kaghad M, Rodriguez M, Chalon P, Bonnin J, Dupre I, Delpech B, Bensaid M, LeFur G, Ferrara P, et al.: Molecular cloning of a human beta 3-adrenergic receptor cDNA. FEBS Lett. 1993 Jun 14;324(2):127-30. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Candelore MR, Deng L, Tota LM, Kelly LJ, Cascieri MA, Strader CD: Pharmacological characterization of a recently described human beta 3-adrenergic receptor mutant. Endocrinology. 1996 Jun;137(6):2638-41. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Fujisawa T, Ikegami H, Yamato E, Takekawa K, Nakagawa Y, Hamada Y, Oga T, Ueda H, Shintani M, Fukuda M, Ogihara T: Association of Trp64Arg mutation of the beta3-adrenergic-receptor with NIDDM and body weight gain. Diabetologia. 1996 Mar;39(3):349-52. [PubMed Link Image]
Target 5 Drug References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed Link Image]

This project is supported by Genome Alberta & Genome Canada, a not-for-profit organization that is leading Canada's national genomics strategy with $600 million in funding from the federal government. This project is also supported in part by GenomeQuest, Inc., an enterprise genomic information company serving the life science community.