Tetracycline

Identification

Summary

Tetracycline is an antibiotic used to treat a wide variety of susceptible infections.

Brand Names
Pylera, Sumycin
Generic Name
Tetracycline
DrugBank Accession Number
DB00759
Background

Tetracycline is a broad spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of Actinobacteria. It exerts a bacteriostatic effect on bacteria by binding reversible to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit and blocking incoming aminoacyl tRNA from binding to the ribosome acceptor site. It also binds to some extent to the bacterial 50S ribosomal subunit and may alter the cytoplasmic membrane causing intracellular components to leak from bacterial cells.

The FDA withdrew its approval for the use of all liquid oral drug products formulated for pediatric use containing tetracycline in a concentration greater than 25 mg/ml.2 Other formulations of tetracycline continue to be used.

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved, Vet approved, Withdrawn
Structure
Weight
Average: 444.4346
Monoisotopic: 444.153265754
Chemical Formula
C22H24N2O8
Synonyms
  • (4S,4aS,5aS,12aS)-4-(Dimethylamino)-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-3,6,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-2-naphthacenecarboxamide
  • Abramycin
  • Anhydrotetracycline
  • Deschlorobiomycin
  • Tetracyclin
  • Tétracycline
  • Tetracycline
  • Tetracyclinum
  • Tetrazyklin
  • Tsiklomitsin

Pharmacology

Indication

Used to treat bacterial infections such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever, typhus fever, tick fevers, Q fever, rickettsialpox and Brill-Zinsser disease. May be used to treat infections caused by Chlamydiae spp., B. burgdorferi (Lyme disease), and upper respiratory infections caused by typical (S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and M. catarrhalis) and atypical organisms (C. pneumoniae, M. pneumoniae, L. pneumophila). May also be used to treat acne. Tetracycline may be an alternative drug for people who are allergic to penicillin.

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Treatment ofAcinetobacter infection••••••••••••
Treatment ofActinomycosis••••••••••••
Used in combination to treatAcute urinary tract infectionCombination Product in combination with: Sulfamethizole (DB00576), Phenazopyridine (DB01438)•••••••••••••••••••
Treatment ofAnthrax••••••••••••
Treatment ofBacterial infections••••••••••••
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Tetracycline is a short-acting antibiotic that inhibits bacterial growth by inhibiting translation. It binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit and prevents the amino-acyl tRNA from binding to the A site of the ribosome. It also binds to some extent to the 50S ribosomal subunit. This binding is reversible in nature. Additionally tetracycline may alter the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria causing leakage of intracellular contents, such as nucleotides, from the cell.

Mechanism of action

Tetracycline passively diffuses through porin channels in the bacterial membrane and reversibly binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit, preventing binding of tRNA to the mRNA-ribosome complex, and thus interfering with protein synthesis.

TargetActionsOrganism
A30S ribosomal protein S7
inhibitor
Escherichia coli (strain K12)
A30S ribosomal protein S14
inhibitor
Escherichia coli (strain K12)
A30S ribosomal protein S3
inhibitor
Escherichia coli (strain K12)
A30S ribosomal protein S8
inhibitor
Escherichia coli (strain K12)
A30S ribosomal protein S19
inhibitor
Escherichia coli (strain K12)
A16S ribosomal RNA
inhibitor
Enteric bacteria and other eubacteria
UMajor prion protein
inhibitor
Humans
UMultidrug translocase MdfANot AvailableEscherichia coli
UProtein-arginine deiminase type-4Not AvailableHumans
Absorption

Bioavailability is less than 40% when administered via intramuscular injection, 100% intravenously, and 60-80% orally (fasting adults). Food and/or milk reduce GI absorption of oral preparations of tetracycline by 50% or more.

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

20 - 67% protein bound

Metabolism

Not metabolized

Route of elimination

They are concentrated by the liver in the bile and excreted in the urine and feces at high concentrations in a biologically active form.

Half-life

6-12 hours

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

LD50=808mg/kg (orally in mice)

Pathways
PathwayCategory
Tetracycline Action PathwayDrug action
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
AbacavirTetracycline may decrease the excretion rate of Abacavir which could result in a higher serum level.
AbametapirThe serum concentration of Tetracycline can be increased when it is combined with Abametapir.
AbemaciclibThe serum concentration of Abemaciclib can be increased when it is combined with Tetracycline.
AcalabrutinibThe serum concentration of Acalabrutinib can be increased when it is combined with Tetracycline.
AcamprosateThe excretion of Acamprosate can be decreased when combined with Tetracycline.
Food Interactions
  • Avoid milk and dairy products.
  • Take on an empty stomach. Take at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals.
  • Take with a full glass of water.

Products

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Product Ingredients
IngredientUNIICASInChI Key
Tetracycline hydrochlorideP6R62377KV64-75-5XMEVHPAGJVLHIG-FMZCEJRJSA-N
Tetracycline phosphateNZ662XY5PP13930-32-0WXDJNRXQVCECPF-IZGCTLQUSA-N
Product Images
International/Other Brands
Achromycin / Liquamycin
Brand Name Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Achromycin Ont Oph 1%Ointment1 %OphthalmicLederle Cyanamid Canada Inc.1955-12-311997-08-14Canada flag
Achromycin VCapsule250 mg/1OralHeritage Pharmaceuticals Inc.2013-10-182019-09-23US flag
Achromycin VCapsule500 mg/1OralHeritage Pharmaceuticals Inc.2013-10-182019-09-23US flag
Achromycin V Cap 250mgCapsule250 mg / capOralLederle Cyanamid Canada Inc.1957-12-311997-08-14Canada flag
Actisite12.7 mg / pieceDentalProcter And GambleNot applicableNot applicableCanada flag
Generic Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Apo Tetra Tabs 250mgTablet250 mgOralApotex Corporation1984-12-312008-08-21Canada flag
Novo-tetra 250mgTablet250 mgOralNovopharm Limited1967-12-312008-08-20Canada flag
Novo-tetra 250mgCapsule250 mg / capOralNovopharm Limited1967-12-312008-08-20Canada flag
Novo-tetra Sus 125mg/5mlLiquid125 mg / 5 mLOralNovopharm Limited1967-12-312005-08-10Canada flag
Nu-tetra Capsules 250mgCapsule250 mgOralNu Pharm Inc1990-12-312012-09-04Canada flag
Over the Counter Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
AbrasaSpray30 mg/1mLTopicalAzimuth Pharma, LLC2021-01-30Not applicableUS flag
AcnecyclineOintment0.03 mg/1mLTopicalPhillips Company2011-02-15Not applicableUS flag
AnistemSpray30 mg/1mLTopicalMATRIX MIXOLOGY, INC2020-07-01Not applicableUS flag
APT T3X Tetracycline Hydrochloride First Aid AntibioticOintment30 mg/1gTopicalPatient Focused Tele-Health, LLC2020-09-01Not applicableUS flag
BWell First Aid AntibioticSpray30 mg/1mLTopicalViaderma II, Inc2020-05-01Not applicableUS flag
Mixture Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Bismuth Subcitrate Potassium, Metronidazole and Tetracycline HydrochlorideTetracycline hydrochloride (125 mg/1) + Bismuth subcitrate potassium monohydrate (140 mg/1) + Metronidazole (125 mg/1)CapsuleOralPar Pharmaceutical, Inc.2023-03-07Not applicableUS flag
Bismuth Subcitrate Potassium, Metronidazole, and Tetracycline HydrochlorideTetracycline hydrochloride (125 mg/1) + Bismuth subcitrate potassium monohydrate (140 mg/1) + Metronidazole (125 mg/1)CapsuleOralH2-Pharma, LLC2023-07-31Not applicableUS flag
Bismuth subcitrate potassium, Metronidazole, Tetracycline hydrochlorideTetracycline hydrochloride (125 mg/1) + Bismuth subcitrate potassium monohydrate (140 mg/1) + Metronidazole (125 mg/1)CapsuleOralIngenus Pharmaceuticals, LLC2023-07-04Not applicableUS flag
Bismuth Subsalicylate/Metronidazole/Tetracycline HydrochlorideTetracycline hydrochloride (500 mg/1) + Bismuth subsalicylate (262.4 mg/1) + Metronidazole (250 mg/1)KitOralAilex Pharmaceuticals, Llc2018-11-30Not applicableUS flag
COLBIOCINTetracycline (4.2 MG/ML) + Chloramphenicol (4 MG/ML) + Colistimethate sodium (180000 IU/ml)Solution / dropsOphthalmicSifi S.P.A.2016-01-08Not applicableItaly flag
Unapproved/Other Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
FIRST Marys Mouthwash CompoundingTetracycline hydrochloride (1.5 g/1.5g) + Diphenhydramine hydrochloride (0.45 g/0.45g) + Hydrocortisone (0.06 g/0.06g) + Nystatin (1.2 g/1.2g)KitOralCutisPharma, Inc.2010-12-15Not applicableUS flag
Tetracycline HydrochlorideTetracycline hydrochloride (250 mg/1)CapsuleOralRemedy Repack2012-08-282013-08-28US flag

Categories

ATC Codes
S02AA08 — TetracyclineA02BD02 — Lansoprazole, tetracycline and metronidazoleA01AB13 — TetracyclineJ01AA07 — TetracyclineS01AA09 — TetracyclineJ01AA20 — Combinations of tetracyclinesJ01RA08 — Tetracycline and oleandomycinS03AA02 — TetracyclineD06AA04 — TetracyclineA02BD08 — Bismuth subcitrate, tetracycline and metronidazole
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as tetracyclines. These are polyketides having an octahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide skeleton, substituted with many hydroxy and other groups.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Phenylpropanoids and polyketides
Class
Tetracyclines
Sub Class
Not Available
Direct Parent
Tetracyclines
Alternative Parents
Naphthacenes / Anthracenecarboxylic acids and derivatives / Tetralins / Aryl ketones / 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids / 1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoids / Aralkylamines / Cyclohexenones / Tertiary alcohols / Vinylogous acids
show 8 more
Substituents
1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid / 1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoid / Alcohol / Amine / Amino acid or derivatives / Anthracene carboxylic acid or derivatives / Aralkylamine / Aromatic homopolycyclic compound / Aryl ketone / Benzenoid
show 23 more
Molecular Framework
Aromatic homopolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
tetracyclines (CHEBI:27902) / tetracyclines, Linear tetracyclines (C06570)
Affected organisms
  • Enteric bacteria and other eubacteria
  • Borrelia burgdorferi
  • Chlamydia trachomatis
  • Mycoplasma pneumoniae
  • Rickettsia rickettsii
  • Vibrio cholerae
  • Escherichia coli
  • Shigella
  • Coxiella

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
F8VB5M810T
CAS number
60-54-8
InChI Key
OFVLGDICTFRJMM-WESIUVDSSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C22H24N2O8/c1-21(31)8-5-4-6-11(25)12(8)16(26)13-9(21)7-10-15(24(2)3)17(27)14(20(23)30)19(29)22(10,32)18(13)28/h4-6,9-10,15,25,27-28,31-32H,7H2,1-3H3,(H2,23,30)/t9-,10-,15-,21+,22-/m0/s1
IUPAC Name
(4S,4aS,5aS,6S,12aS)-4-(dimethylamino)-3,6,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide
SMILES
[H][C@@]12C[C@@]3([H])C(=C(O)[C@]1(O)C(=O)C(C(N)=O)=C(O)[C@H]2N(C)C)C(=O)C1=C(O)C=CC=C1[C@@]3(C)O

References

Synthesis Reference

Thomas F. McNamara, Nungavaram S. Ramamurthy, Lorne M. Golub, "Non-antibacterial tetracycline compositions possessing anti-collagenolytic properties and methods of preparing and using same." U.S. Patent US4704383, issued May, 1963.

US4704383
General References
  1. Griffin MO, Fricovsky E, Ceballos G, Villarreal F: Tetracyclines: a pleitropic family of compounds with promising therapeutic properties. Review of the literature. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2010 Sep;299(3):C539-48. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00047.2010. Epub 2010 Jun 30. [Article]
  2. Code of Federal Regulations 216.24: Drug products withdrawn or removed from the market for reasons of safety or effectiveness. [Link]
Human Metabolome Database
HMDB0014897
KEGG Drug
D00201
KEGG Compound
C06570
PubChem Compound
54675776
PubChem Substance
46506693
ChemSpider
10257122
BindingDB
50237605
RxNav
10395
ChEBI
27902
ChEMBL
CHEMBL1440
ZINC
ZINC000084441937
Therapeutic Targets Database
DAP001527
PharmGKB
PA451640
PDBe Ligand
TAC
RxList
RxList Drug Page
Drugs.com
Drugs.com Drug Page
Wikipedia
Tetracycline
PDB Entries
1hnw / 1i97 / 2hcj / 2hdn / 2trt / 2uxo / 2vke / 3q5p / 4b3a / 4v9a
show 6 more
MSDS
Download (73.8 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
  • Heritage pharmaceuticals inc
  • Bristol laboratories inc div bristol myers co
  • Warner chilcott div warner lambert co
  • Pharmacia and upjohn co
  • Solvay pharmaceuticals
  • Wyeth ayerst laboratories
  • Apothecon inc div bristol myers squibb
  • Angus chemical co
  • Pfipharmecs div pfizer inc
  • On site therapeutics inc
  • Shire development inc
  • Lederle laboratories div american cyanamid co
  • Pfizer laboratories div pfizer inc
  • Storz ophthalmics inc sub american cyanamid co
  • Par pharmaceutical
  • Ivax pharmaceuticals inc sub teva pharmaceuticals usa
  • Par pharmaceutical inc
Packagers
  • Advanced Pharmaceutical Services Inc.
  • Aidarex Pharmacuticals LLC
  • Apotheca Inc.
  • A-S Medication Solutions LLC
  • Axcan Pharma Inc.
  • Barr Pharmaceuticals
  • Belgomex Sprl
  • Blenheim Pharmacal
  • Bryant Ranch Prepack
  • C.O. Truxton Inc.
  • Central Texas Community Health Centers
  • Comprehensive Consultant Services Inc.
  • Coupler Enterprises Inc.
  • Direct Dispensing Inc.
  • Dispensing Solutions
  • Diversified Healthcare Services Inc.
  • Draxis Specialty Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • E.R. Squibb and Sons LLC
  • Gallipot
  • Global Pharmaceuticals
  • Golden State Medical Supply Inc.
  • Goldline Laboratories Inc.
  • Group Health Cooperative
  • H and H Laboratories
  • H.J. Harkins Co. Inc.
  • Heartland Repack Services LLC
  • Ivax Pharmaceuticals
  • Kaiser Foundation Hospital
  • Laboratorios Atral Sarl
  • Liberty Pharmaceuticals
  • Major Pharmaceuticals
  • Medisca Inc.
  • Murfreesboro Pharmaceutical Nursing Supply
  • Mylan
  • Nucare Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Palmetto Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Par Pharmaceuticals
  • Patient First Corp.
  • PCA LLC
  • PD-Rx Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Pharmedix
  • Physicians Total Care Inc.
  • Preferred Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Prepackage Specialists
  • Prepak Systems Inc.
  • Prometheus Laboratories Inc.
  • Proter SPA
  • Qualitest
  • Rebel Distributors Corp.
  • Remedy Repack
  • Sandhills Packaging Inc.
  • Sino American Shanghai Squibb Pharmaceutical Ltd.
  • Southwood Pharmaceuticals
  • Talbert Medical Management Corp.
  • Tya Pharmaceuticals
  • Veratex Corp.
  • Warner Chilcott Co. Inc.
  • Watson Pharmaceuticals
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
OintmentOphthalmic1 %
TabletOral250.000 mg
OintmentTopical3 %
OintmentTopical30 mg/g
Solution / dropsOphthalmic
Capsule, coatedOral500 mg
Capsule, coatedOral250 mg
SuspensionOral2.5 g
OintmentTopical3 % w/w
Pill
TabletOral
OintmentTopical30 mg/1mL
OintmentTopical30 mg/1g
CapsuleOral100 MG
OintmentTopical0.03 mg/1mL
KitOral
OintmentTopical100 g
OintmentTopical20 g
OintmentTopical50 g
CapsuleOral250 mg / cap
TabletOral250 mg
LiquidOral125 mg / 5 mL
OintmentOphthalmic
Powder, for solutionOral2 G/0.25G
CapsuleOral
SyrupOral
SyrupOral125 mg/5mL
Tablet, film coatedOral250 mg/1
Tablet, film coatedOral500 mg/1
CreamVaginal
Ointment
CapsuleOral250.000 mg
OintmentTopical3 g/100g
Powder, for solutionOral
Solution / drops
SuspensionOral
OintmentOphthalmic
OintmentOphthalmic10 mg / g
CapsuleOral250 mg/1
CapsuleOral500 mg/1
PowderNot applicable1 g/1g
Tablet, film coatedOral250 mg
CapsuleOral
Ointment
SprayTopical30 mg/1mL
OintmentTopical3 %w/w
Capsule
CapsuleOral250 mg
Tablet, film coatedOral500 mg
Tablet, sugar coatedOral250 mg
Tablet, coatedOral250 mg
CapsuleOral500 mg
Prices
Unit descriptionCostUnit
Tetracycline hcl powder2.14USD g
Tetracycline powder1.37USD g
Tetracycline HCl 500 mg capsule0.2USD capsule
Tetracycline HCl 250 mg capsule0.15USD capsule
Apo-Tetra 250 mg Capsule0.07USD capsule
DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.
Patents
Patent NumberPediatric ExtensionApprovedExpires (estimated)Region
US6350468No2002-02-262018-12-14US flag

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
melting point (°C)172.5 dec °CPhysProp
water solubility231 mg/L (at 25 °C)YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)
logP-1.30HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)
logS-3.12ADME Research, USCD
pKa3.3 (at 25 °C)SERJEANT,EP & DEMPSEY,B (1979)
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility1.33 mg/mLALOGPS
logP-0.56ALOGPS
logP-3.5Chemaxon
logS-2.5ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)3.26Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)9.25Chemaxon
Physiological Charge-1Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count9Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count6Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area181.62 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count2Chemaxon
Refractivity114.19 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability42.9 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings4Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveNoChemaxon
Ghose FilterNoChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
PropertyValueProbability
Human Intestinal Absorption+0.8006
Blood Brain Barrier-0.9841
Caco-2 permeable+0.7439
P-glycoprotein substrateSubstrate0.791
P-glycoprotein inhibitor INon-inhibitor0.8025
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IINon-inhibitor0.7562
Renal organic cation transporterNon-inhibitor0.9437
CYP450 2C9 substrateNon-substrate0.7897
CYP450 2D6 substrateNon-substrate0.9117
CYP450 3A4 substrateSubstrate0.6758
CYP450 1A2 substrateNon-inhibitor0.9046
CYP450 2C9 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9071
CYP450 2D6 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9231
CYP450 2C19 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9089
CYP450 3A4 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.8686
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuityLow CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity0.781
Ames testNon AMES toxic0.9132
CarcinogenicityNon-carcinogens0.9314
BiodegradationNot ready biodegradable0.9906
Rat acute toxicity2.7095 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)Weak inhibitor0.9968
hERG inhibition (predictor II)Non-inhibitor0.7201
ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSPredicted GC-MSsplash10-0bvi-5259500000-bd5eacef407c7cbcfc2a
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , negativeLC-MS/MSsplash10-01sc-1900000000-7b792268aeb0a63c32c5
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , negativeLC-MS/MSsplash10-01p9-1900000000-da0b69e206bb0369723c
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , negativeLC-MS/MSsplash10-000i-3900000000-299e4496b1f8e2f213cc
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-01ta-0000900000-e5ca6594fe72eb2bcd1f
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0ik9-0402900000-9ef4a0d08180ce9b2a1c
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-004j-0000900000-f64a605b7a129e92d72a
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0a4l-0009500000-01f2b40e48e152f7d409
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0bvi-0000900000-3b0d0a4de6398f04d011
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0a4i-0009200000-b73404c37bb40f5aced4
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-02u0-3987300000-5e655d9d2ca34b152c73
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-003r-0039300000-ab88cca0f703147558d1
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-210.6017399
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-210.2821399
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-212.1346399
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-197.8802
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+210.3582399
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+211.6236399
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+214.2466399
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+199.77562
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+210.4444399
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+210.8334399
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+214.0786399
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+205.68051
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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insights and accelerate drug research.
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Kind
Protein
Organism
Escherichia coli (strain K12)
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Trna binding
Specific Function
One of the primary rRNA binding proteins, it binds directly to 16S rRNA where it nucleates assembly of the head domain of the 30S subunit. Is located at the subunit interface close to the decoding ...
Gene Name
rpsG
Uniprot ID
P02359
Uniprot Name
30S ribosomal protein S7
Molecular Weight
20018.91 Da
References
  1. Buck MA, Cooperman BS: Single protein omission reconstitution studies of tetracycline binding to the 30S subunit of Escherichia coli ribosomes. Biochemistry. 1990 Jun 5;29(22):5374-9. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Escherichia coli (strain K12)
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Structural constituent of ribosome
Specific Function
Binds 16S rRNA, required for the assembly of 30S particles and may also be responsible for determining the conformation of the 16S rRNA at the A site.
Gene Name
rpsN
Uniprot ID
P0AG59
Uniprot Name
30S ribosomal protein S14
Molecular Weight
11580.36 Da
References
  1. Buck MA, Cooperman BS: Single protein omission reconstitution studies of tetracycline binding to the 30S subunit of Escherichia coli ribosomes. Biochemistry. 1990 Jun 5;29(22):5374-9. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Escherichia coli (strain K12)
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Structural constituent of ribosome
Specific Function
Binds the lower part of the 30S subunit head. Binds mRNA in the 70S ribosome, positioning it for translation (By similarity).Plays a role in mRNA unwinding by the ribosome, possibly by forming part...
Gene Name
rpsC
Uniprot ID
P0A7V3
Uniprot Name
30S ribosomal protein S3
Molecular Weight
25983.07 Da
References
  1. Buck MA, Cooperman BS: Single protein omission reconstitution studies of tetracycline binding to the 30S subunit of Escherichia coli ribosomes. Biochemistry. 1990 Jun 5;29(22):5374-9. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Escherichia coli (strain K12)
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Structural constituent of ribosome
Specific Function
One of the primary rRNA binding proteins, it binds directly to 16S rRNA central domain where it helps coordinate assembly of the platform of the 30S subunit.Protein S8 is a translational repressor ...
Gene Name
rpsH
Uniprot ID
P0A7W7
Uniprot Name
30S ribosomal protein S8
Molecular Weight
14126.435 Da
References
  1. Buck MA, Cooperman BS: Single protein omission reconstitution studies of tetracycline binding to the 30S subunit of Escherichia coli ribosomes. Biochemistry. 1990 Jun 5;29(22):5374-9. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Escherichia coli (strain K12)
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Trna binding
Specific Function
In the E.coli 70S ribosome in the initiation state (PubMed:12809609) it has been modeled to contact the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit forming part of bridge B1a; this bridge is broken in the model wi...
Gene Name
rpsS
Uniprot ID
P0A7U3
Uniprot Name
30S ribosomal protein S19
Molecular Weight
10430.235 Da
References
  1. Buck MA, Cooperman BS: Single protein omission reconstitution studies of tetracycline binding to the 30S subunit of Escherichia coli ribosomes. Biochemistry. 1990 Jun 5;29(22):5374-9. [Article]
Kind
Nucleotide
Organism
Enteric bacteria and other eubacteria
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Inhibitor
In prokaryotes, the 16S rRNA is essential for recognizing the 5' end of mRNA and hence positioning it correctly on the ribosome. The 16S rRNA has a characteristic secondary structure in which half of the nucleotides are base-paired. The 16S rRNA sequence has been highly conserved and is often used for evolutionary and species comparative analysis.
References
  1. Nawaz M, Sung K, Khan SA, Khan AA, Steele R: Biochemical and molecular characterization of tetracycline-resistant Aeromonas veronii isolates from catfish. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2006 Oct;72(10):6461-6. [Article]
  2. Domingue GJ Sr: Cryptic bacterial infection in chronic prostatitis: diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Curr Opin Urol. 1998 Jan;8(1):45-9. [Article]
  3. Pringle M, Fellstrom C, Johansson KE: Decreased susceptibility to doxycycline associated with a 16S rRNA gene mutation in Brachyspira hyodysenteriae. Vet Microbiol. 2007 Jul 20;123(1-3):245-8. Epub 2007 Feb 25. [Article]
  4. Rasmussen B, Noller HF, Daubresse G, Oliva B, Misulovin Z, Rothstein DM, Ellestad GA, Gluzman Y, Tally FP, Chopra I: Molecular basis of tetracycline action: identification of analogs whose primary target is not the bacterial ribosome. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1991 Nov;35(11):2306-11. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Tubulin binding
Specific Function
Its primary physiological function is unclear. Has cytoprotective activity against internal or environmental stresses. May play a role in neuronal development and synaptic plasticity. May be requir...
Gene Name
PRNP
Uniprot ID
P04156
Uniprot Name
Major prion protein
Molecular Weight
27661.21 Da
References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
  2. De Luigi A, Colombo L, Diomede L, Capobianco R, Mangieri M, Miccolo C, Limido L, Forloni G, Tagliavini F, Salmona M: The efficacy of tetracyclines in peripheral and intracerebral prion infection. PLoS One. 2008 Mar 26;3(3):e1888. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001888. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Escherichia coli
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Transporter activity
Specific Function
Not Available
Gene Name
mdfA
Uniprot ID
C9EH48
Uniprot Name
Multidrug translocase MdfA
Molecular Weight
10133.045 Da
References
  1. Nelson ML, Park BH, Andrews JS, Georgian VA, Thomas RC, Levy SB: Inhibition of the tetracycline efflux antiport protein by 13-thio-substituted 5-hydroxy-6-deoxytetracyclines. J Med Chem. 1993 Feb 5;36(3):370-7. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Protein-arginine deiminase activity
Specific Function
Catalyzes the citrullination/deimination of arginine residues of proteins such as histones, thereby playing a key role in histone code and regulation of stem cell maintenance. Citrullinates histone...
Gene Name
PADI4
Uniprot ID
Q9UM07
Uniprot Name
Protein-arginine deiminase type-4
Molecular Weight
74078.65 Da
References
  1. Knuckley B, Luo Y, Thompson PR: Profiling Protein Arginine Deiminase 4 (PAD4): a novel screen to identify PAD4 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem. 2008 Jan 15;16(2):739-45. Epub 2007 Oct 13. [Article]

Enzymes

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
Inhibitor
General Function
Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation react...
Gene Name
CYP3A4
Uniprot ID
P08684
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 3A4
Molecular Weight
57342.67 Da
References
  1. Zhao XJ, Ishizaki T: Metabolic interactions of selected antimalarial and non-antimalarial drugs with the major pathway (3-hydroxylation) of quinine in human liver microsomes. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1997 Nov;44(5):505-11. [Article]
  2. Zhao XJ, Ishizaki T: The In vitro hepatic metabolism of quinine in mice, rats and dogs: comparison with human liver microsomes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1997 Dec;283(3):1168-76. [Article]
  3. Bassi PU, Onyeji CO, Ukponmwan OE: Effects of tetracycline on the pharmacokinetics of halofantrine in healthy volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2004 Jul;58(1):52-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2004.02087.x. [Article]

Carriers

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
General Function
Toxic substance binding
Specific Function
Serum albumin, the main protein of plasma, has a good binding capacity for water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs. Its main function is the regulation of the colloid...
Gene Name
ALB
Uniprot ID
P02768
Uniprot Name
Serum albumin
Molecular Weight
69365.94 Da
References
  1. Bratlid D, Bergan T: Displacement of albumin-bound antimicrobial agents by bilirubin. Pharmacology. 1976;14(5):464-72. doi: 10.1159/000136629. [Article]

Transporters

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function
Involved in the renal elimination of endogenous and exogenous organic anions. Functions as organic anion exchanger when the uptake of one molecule of organic anion is coupled with an efflux of one ...
Gene Name
SLC22A6
Uniprot ID
Q4U2R8
Uniprot Name
Solute carrier family 22 member 6
Molecular Weight
61815.78 Da
References
  1. Babu E, Takeda M, Narikawa S, Kobayashi Y, Yamamoto T, Cha SH, Sekine T, Sakthisekaran D, Endou H: Human organic anion transporters mediate the transport of tetracycline. Jpn J Pharmacol. 2002 Jan;88(1):69-76. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
Inhibitor
Curator comments
Substrate activity was observed in vitro using hOAT3 expressed on S2 cells. Reported Km value was 566.2 ± 28.4 μM.
General Function
Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function
Plays an important role in the excretion/detoxification of endogenous and exogenous organic anions, especially from the brain and kidney. Involved in the transport basolateral of steviol, fexofenad...
Gene Name
SLC22A8
Uniprot ID
Q8TCC7
Uniprot Name
Solute carrier family 22 member 8
Molecular Weight
59855.585 Da
References
  1. Babu E, Takeda M, Narikawa S, Kobayashi Y, Yamamoto T, Cha SH, Sekine T, Sakthisekaran D, Endou H: Human organic anion transporters mediate the transport of tetracycline. Jpn J Pharmacol. 2002 Jan;88(1):69-76. [Article]
  2. VanWert AL, Gionfriddo MR, Sweet DH: Organic anion transporters: discovery, pharmacology, regulation and roles in pathophysiology. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 2010 Jan;31(1):1-71. doi: 10.1002/bdd.693. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function
Mediates saturable uptake of estrone sulfate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and related compounds.
Gene Name
SLC22A11
Uniprot ID
Q9NSA0
Uniprot Name
Solute carrier family 22 member 11
Molecular Weight
59970.945 Da
References
  1. Babu E, Takeda M, Narikawa S, Kobayashi Y, Yamamoto T, Cha SH, Sekine T, Sakthisekaran D, Endou H: Human organic anion transporters mediate the transport of tetracycline. Jpn J Pharmacol. 2002 Jan;88(1):69-76. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function
Mediates sodium-independent multispecific organic anion transport. Transport of prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin F2, tetracycline, bumetanide, estrone sulfate, glutarate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulf...
Gene Name
SLC22A7
Uniprot ID
Q9Y694
Uniprot Name
Solute carrier family 22 member 7
Molecular Weight
60025.025 Da
References
  1. Babu E, Takeda M, Narikawa S, Kobayashi Y, Yamamoto T, Cha SH, Sekine T, Sakthisekaran D, Endou H: Human organic anion transporters mediate the transport of tetracycline. Jpn J Pharmacol. 2002 Jan;88(1):69-76. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function
Mediates the Na(+)-independent transport of organic anions such as taurocholate, the prostaglandins PGD2, PGE1, PGE2, leukotriene C4, thromboxane B2 and iloprost.
Gene Name
SLCO2B1
Uniprot ID
O94956
Uniprot Name
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1
Molecular Weight
76709.98 Da
References
  1. Karlgren M, Vildhede A, Norinder U, Wisniewski JR, Kimoto E, Lai Y, Haglund U, Artursson P: Classification of inhibitors of hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs): influence of protein expression on drug-drug interactions. J Med Chem. 2012 May 24;55(10):4740-63. doi: 10.1021/jm300212s. Epub 2012 May 15. [Article]

Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at March 28, 2024 03:23