The metabolism of proline, a stress substrate, modulates carcinogenic pathways.
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Phang JM, Donald SP, Pandhare J, Liu Y
The metabolism of proline, a stress substrate, modulates carcinogenic pathways.
Amino Acids. 2008 Nov;35(4):681-90. doi: 10.1007/s00726-008-0063-4. Epub 2008 Apr 10.
- PubMed ID
- 18401543 [ View in PubMed]
- Abstract
The resurgence of interest in tumor metabolism has led investigators to emphasize the metabolism of proline as a "stress substrate" and to suggest this pathway as a potential anti-tumor target. Proline oxidase, a.k.a. proline dehydrogenase (POX/PRODH), catalyzes the first step in proline degradation and uses proline to generate ATP for survival or reactive oxygen species for programmed cell death. POX/PRODH is induced by p53 under genotoxic stress and initiates apoptosis by both mitochondrial and death receptor pathways. Furthermore, POX/PRODH is induced by PPARgamma and its pharmacologic ligands, the thiazolidinediones. The anti-tumor effects of PPARgamma may be critically dependent on POX/PRODH. In addition, it is upregulated by nutrient stress through the mTOR pathway to maintain ATP levels. We propose that proline is made available as a stress substrate by the degradation of collagen in the microenvironmental extracellular matrix by matrix metalloproteinases. In a manner analogous to autophagy, this proline-dependent process for bioenergetics from collagen in extracellular matrix can be designated "ecophagy".
DrugBank Data that Cites this Article
- Drug Enzymes
Drug Enzyme Kind Organism Pharmacological Action Actions Proline Proline dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial Protein Humans UnknownSubstrateDetails